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Analiza kosztów i korzyści zagospodarowania odpadów z górnictwa węgla kamiennego

100%

Kulczycka J. , Uberman R. , Cholewa M.

tom 166

272-282

Economic entities, along with increasing demands in politics as well as Polish and EU strategies in the field of the protection of environment, seek the minimalization of the pressure inflicted. The hard coal mining and processing industry, despite much success, is still producing considerable amount of solid waste. What is more, there are still many uncultivated mounds. The annual amount of waste produced is 31,5 mln of tons, and 568,8 mln of tons so far stored (as of the end of 2010). The waste from the current production is, in more than 90%, subjected to recycling and used mainly for the terrain leveling as well as engineering works, and those lingering on the mounds are being more often used. However, the generally accepted and standardized methods of such enterprise solvency are still lacking. It is connected with the fact that they require taking into consideration many aspects such as law, technical, economical, ecological and social ones. The cost-benefit analysis method, conducted from the point of view of a waste owner as well as a businessman wanting to cultivate waste and local authorities, on the terrain where the mould is located, has been suggested in the report. The proposed model solutions may be the basis for the analyses of similar type. Its application (use), along with the analyses results, has been presented on a particular example.

Phosphorus cycle - possibilities for its rebuilding

75%

Gorazda K. , Wzorek Z. , Tarko B. , Nowak A. , Kulczycka J. , Henclik A.

nr 4

725-730

The rebuilding of the phosphorus cycle can be performed with the use of both biotechnology and chemical technology. This paper presents a review of the phosphorus cycle and the different approaches that can be taken to the recovery of phosphorus from phosphate-rich waste. Critical issues in the phosphorus cycle are also discussed. Methods for the recovery of phosphorus form sewage sludge ash are widely explored and divided into two groups: wet extraction methods and thermochemical methods. Laboratory-scale methods are described, as well as proposed industrial technologies, with particular regard to the possibilities for their implementation in Poland. Phosphorus recovery methods from SSA (sewage sludge ash) in our country seems to be promising due to the increasing number of sewage sludge incineration plants, which could easily supply ash to future recovery installations. For the effective recovery of P from sewage sludge ash, it is essential to make the right choice in determining the appropriate method to use with respect to the particular properties of the ash composition available. A patented method of phosphorus recovery by acid extraction methods, developed by Cracow University of Technology, results in an efficiency of 80-96% for phosphorus recovery. 3000 to 4000 tons of phosphorus per year can be recycled and introduced back into the environment, that covers around 7% of the total amount of phosphorus ore imported into Poland between 2008 and 2009.