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2 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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Role pozitivismu v české etice vědy

100%

Drozenová W.

nr 3

363-377

The article is concerned with the question of the form and extent of the influence of positivism on the approach to the ethics of science in the Czech context. Although the history of Czech positivism has been relatively well investigated, it is often the subject of sweeping negative assessments that typically characterise it as equivalent to a narrow scientism lacking in values. This characterisation, however, is really only appropriate to a kind of positivism which made very little impact on the Czech philosophical tradition. The author reminds us that Czech positivists were pupils of T. G. Masaryk who exerted a strong influence on them, particularly in the area of ethics, which in turn influenced their ethics of science. In comparison with European neo-positivism (whose philosophy of science was not, for historical reasons, able to properly flourish in the Czech context), this current of thought contained a strong attachment to the aim of objective knowledge, which explains the resistance of both totalitarian regimes to Czech positivism and its representatives. While neo-positivism, in its traditional role of constituting the theoretical and methodological basis of science, concerned itself with the internal problems of science, ignoring the social context, Czech positivism, as represented by F. Krejčí, J. Tvrdý, E. Chalupný and others, was significantly involved with the development of society. The influence of Czech positivism (despite all its philosophical shortcomings) cannot be criticised for giving insufficient attention to the social context of the development of science or for lacking interest in the questions of the ethics of science.

Virginia Held: Etika péče : osobní, politická a globální

100%

Drozenová W.

nr 6

951-960

The Czech translation of the book Virginia Held: The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global (Etika péče. Osobní, politická a globální. Praha, Filosofia 2015) by Petr Urban has made views of the ethics of care available to the broad public; its ideas are relevant also to bioethics and the caring professions. This study is focused on the question of the ethics of care as a moral theory, and comes to the conclusion that it is a species of empiricist ethics based on moral sentiments, in combination with a feminist starting point. The strength of Held’s standpoint is its awareness of the variety of women’s experience in different societies.

Das Buch von Virginia Held: The Ethics of Care: Personal, Political, and Global (Etika péče. Osobní, politická a globální. Praha, Filosofia 2015), das in der tschechischen Übersetzung von Petr Urban erschienen ist, bietet dem breiten Publikum einen Einblick in Standpunkte der Ethik der Pflege, deren Ideen auch für die Bio-Ethik und für Pflegeberufe wichtig sind. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit der Frage der Ethik der Pflege als Ethiktheorie und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass es sich um eine empirische Ethik handelt, die auf dem moralischen Empfinden gründet, freilich mit einem feministischen Ansatz. Ein Vorteil des Ansatzes von V. Held ist dabei ihr Sinn für die Verschiedenartigkeit der Erfahrungen von Frauen in verschiedenen Arten von Gesellschaften.