The removal of oil spill pollution is an important issue of water environment protection. A hydrodynamic model for the determination of oil spill removal area is proposed based on the Euler-Lagrangian particle tracking method. After the results of flow field simulation are validated by the measured data, the trajectory of oil particles is calculated. The optimal location of oil spill removal area is obtained by comparing the oil removal rate of different removal areas. The current method presents a useful way of locating the optimal oil spill removal area to clean the surface waters.
In this paper, a novel switching-capacitor DC-DC voltage converter with higher efficiency will be presented. This circuit was designed by modifying the output stage of the conventional static charge-transfer-switch (CTS) charge pump in a cross-coupled configuration. In this design, a control scheme to overcome both the reverse charge sharing and the threshold drops in the CTS pump was also employed. In this study, the capacitances for all the pumping capacitors were selected the same as 0.1 μF. With this design, our circuit can operate with a clock rate up to 1 MHz. The performance of this circuit was first evaluated by simulation by HSPICE with the 0.35-μm technology of TSMC. The results showed that this circuit can pump the low input of 1.5V nearly 5 times at the output. The conversion gain can be around 95%. The performance of the real chip manufactured by TSMC was measured and will be compared with the simulation results.
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