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1
Content available remote Badania możliwości utylizacji związków zawierających azbest mikrofalami
100%
Pigiel M.
|
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tom R. 4, nr 11/2
105--110
PL
Przeprowadzono badania mające na celu określenie możliwości utylizacji materiałów zawierających w swoim składzie związki azbestu, przy zastosowaniu nagrzewania mikrofalowego. Wykonane badania procesu nagrzewania mikrofalowego mieszanin azbestu w skali laboratoryjnej ma na celu określenie czasu nagrzewania, temperatury po osiągnięciu której nastąpi degradacja struktury oraz dobór substancji intensyfikującej proces nagrzewania.
XX
Materials Containing of Asbestos (ACM) are very dangerous for respiratory system of people because of the specific fiber structure of asbestos. ACM has been widely applied as a insulation material in architecture. Now governments and environment institution stress to use another insulation materials not containing asbestos. But problem with millions of tons of ACM previously manufactured and applied still remains not solved. An important is to find an effective technology for utilization of asbestos containing insulation materials in building constructions. A proposed method for utilization of ACM is based on thermal treatment by microwave energy. Treated material must be heated up to high temperature, when fiber structure of asbestos is completely damaged. Because of insulation property of asbestos the conventional heating methods are not useable. Problem of an effective heating method can be solved by use of microwave energy, which can penetrate all volume of the treated material. In order to increase an efficiency of microwaves absorption by ACM one can use special additives. Additionally an additives should decrease the temperature when the fiber structure of asbestos is damaged. Preliminary test have shown that that one can effectively utilize ACM in microwave reactor by intensive microwave heating of treated materials up to temperature 500-600°C.
2
Content available remote Intensyfikacja ługiem sodowym procesu mikrofalowej utylizacji tworzyw zawierających azbest
63%
Pigiel M. , Powązka D.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2006
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tom R. 6, nr 18/2
435--440
PL
Przeprowadzono badania możliwości intensyfikacji z wykorzystaniem ługu sodowego procesu mikrofalowej utylizacji pięciu podstawowych rodzajów materiałów zawierających szkodliwe włókna azbestowe. Celem było sprawdzenie skuteczności procesu utylizacji dla każdej odmiany materiału, określenie zdolności ługu sodowego do zwilżania tworzyw oraz zbadanie dynamiki przebiegu procesu nagrzewania.
EN
A research on possible use of soda lye for intensification of the process of microwave utilisation of five basic materials containing harmful asbestos fibres was carried out. The purpose of the research was to prove the effectiveness of the utilisation process for each material variation, to determine the soda lye ability to wet plastics and to examine the dynamics of the heating process.
3
Zastosowanie mikrofal w odlewnictwie
63%
Pigiel M. , Granat K.
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2003
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tom Vol. 83, nr 40
85-92
PL
W pracy przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania mikrofal do suszenia rdzeni pokrytych wodnymi powłokami ochronnymi, do suszenia i utwardzania mas formierskich i rdzeniowych z lepiszczami bentonitowymi oraz do określania wilgotności mas formierskich metodą grawimetryczną. Przedstawiono także możliwości utwardzania rdzeni z żywicami termo i chemoutwardzalnymi.
EN
The paper presents possibilities of using microwaves to dry cores covered with aqueous protective coatings, to dry and harden moulding and core sands with bentonite binders and to determine moulding sand humidity with the gravimetric method. A possibility to harden cores containing thermohardening and chemically hardening resins is also presented.
4
Content available remote Reaktor mikrofalowy do utylizacji odpadów przemysłowych
63%
Pigiel M. , Granat K.
Archiwum Odlewnictwa
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2004
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tom R. 4, nr 13
177--182
PL
Celem badań jest opracowanie i wykonanie reaktora mikrofalowego do termicznej utylizacji różnych odpadów przemysłowych. Reaktor ten w zamierzeniu wykorzystany będzie do szybkiego bezkontaktowego nagrzewania różnych materiałów odpadowych, w tym przede wszystkim materiałów niebezpiecznych, dla których konwencjonalne procesy utylizacji są trudne techniczne i kosztowne. Przykładem może być proces utylizacji odpadów zawierających włókna azbestowe, stanowiące poważne zagrożenia dla zdrowia ludzi mających kontakt z tym materiałem [1,2,3].
EN
Preliminary test have shown that one can effectively utilize ACM in microwave reactor by intensive microwave heating of treated materials up to temperature 600÷700oC. Laboratory scale microwave reactor (furnace) has been designed and manufactured. Furnace charge is about 2.5-4 of ACM with additives. Microwave power supplying of the furnace is 6 kW (max). An apparatus can be use for laboratory scale research of the thermal treatment technology for ACM utylization as well as for another thermal processes.
5
Content available Microwave absorption by used moulding and core sands
51%
Nowak D. , Stachowicz M. , Granat K. , Pigiel M.
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tom Vol. 12, iss. 3
87-90
EN
The paper presents measurement results of standing wave ratio to be used as an efficiency indicator of microwave absorption by used moulding and core sands chosen for the microwave utilization process. The absorption measurements were made using a prototype stand of microwave slot line. Examined were five used moulding and core sands. It was demonstrated that the microwave absorption measurements can make grounds for actual microwave utilization of moulding and core sands.
6
Działalność naukowo-badawcza Zakładu Odlewnictwa i Automatyzacji.
51%
Granat K. , Janus A. , Pigiel M.
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tom Vol. 71, nr 32
59-68
PL
Przedstawiono aktualną działalność naukowo-badawczą Zakładu Odlewnictwa i Automatyzacji Instytutu Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na działalność naukowo-badawczą Zakładu w dziedzinie materiałów formierskich, metalurgii procesów odlewniczych oraz ich mechanizacji i automatyzacji, a także w dziedzinie wytwarzania nowoczesnych materiałów i stopów odlewniczych oraz materiałów kompozytowych. Przedstawiono ponadto możliwości aparaturowe i propozycje świadczenia usług badawczych przez Zakład Odlewnictwa i Automatyzacji.
EN
Present research activity of Foundry and Automation Chair of Institute of Mechanical Engineering and Automation of Wrocław Technical university is shown in the paper. The special attention is drawn to research activity in the area of moulding materials, metallurgy of foundry processes, their mechanization and ,automation and in the area of modern materials and foundry alloys and composite materials as well. There were shown moreover the research equipment and possibilities of research service offered by the Foundry and Automation Chair.
7
Content available remote Microwave reactor for utilizing waste materials
51%
Pigiel M. , Granat K. , Nowak D. , Florczak W.
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2010
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tom Vol. 10, iss. 1 spec.
251--254
EN
The paper presents a designed and manufactured, semi-industrial microwave reactor for thermal utilization of asbestos-bearing wastes. Presented are also semi-industrial tests of utilizing such wastes. It was found that microwave heating can be applied for utilizing asbestos with use of suitable wetting agents. The wetting agents should ensure continuous heating process above 600 °C, as well as uniform heat distribution in the whole volume of the utilized material. Analysis of the neutralization process indicates a possibility of presenting specific, efficient and effective process parameters of utilizing some asbestos-bearing industrial wastes.
8
Content available Pochłanianie mikrofal przez zużyte masy formierskie i rdzeniowe
51%
Nowak D. , Stachowicz M. , Granat K. , Pigiel M.
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tom Vol. 12, iss. 1s
149--152
PL
W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki badań pomiaru współczynnika fali stojącej dla oceny skuteczności pochłaniania mikrofal przez zużyte masy formierskie i rdzeniowe wytypowane do przeprowadzenia z ich udziałem procesu mikrofalowej utylizacji. Badania pochłaniania mikrofal zostały przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem prototypowego stanowiska mikrofalowej linii szczelinowej. Badaniom poddano pięć zużytych mas formierskich i rdzeniowych. Wykazano, że uzyskane wyniki pochłaniania mikrofal mas formierskich i rdzeniowych daje podstawy do przeprowadzenia z ich udziałem procesu mikrofalowej utylizacji.
EN
The paper presents measurement results of standing wave ratio to be used as an efficiency indicator of microwave absorption by used moulding and core sands chosen for the microwave utilization process. The absorption measurements were made using a prototype stand of microwave slot line. Examined were five used moulding and core sands. It was demonstrated that the microwave absorption measurements can make grounds for actual microwave utilization of moulding and core sands.
9
Content available remote Microstructures and selected properties of cast irons used for bridge structures at late XVIII and in XIX century
51%
Granat K. , Pękalski G. , Pigiel M. , Rabiega J.
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2010
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tom Vol. 10, iss. 1 spec.
107--112
EN
During recent years, in the area of Germany and Poland numerous repair and renovating works are being carried out of old (of XVIII and XIX centuries) structures of bridges and overbridges. In Germany, such works are preceded by generous research programs resulting in well-grounded diagnoses on f their wear conditions and properties of that time used construction materials. In Poland, such research works result more from own interest of the individual authors of published papers and elaborations. In Wroclaw (Breslau), in use are In this paper, the research subject were cast iron fragments of structure of the Old Mieszczanski Bridge (Wilhelmsbrücke) of 1876 and pillars of the railway overbridge built in 1899. The research was aimed at determining chemical composition of the used materials, their structure properties, as well as selected mechanical properties and referring the results to structures and properties of modern cast irons. It was found using light microscopy and SEM methods that they are grey cast irons with flake graphite, with ferritic and pearlitic matrices. Moreover, they include significant areas of phosphide eutectics and precipitates of titanium-rich phases. These observations are confirmed by results of gravimetric and spectral chemical analyses which indicate maximum phosphorus content of 1.18 % and maximum titanium content of 0.1 % in the examined cast irons. Together with evaluated mechanical properties (based on hardness measurements and previous results), chemical compositions and structures permit classifying the examined materials as cast irons equivalent to grades EN-GJL-100 and EN-GJL-150 acc. to the today's standards.
10
Content available remote Evaluation of electromagnetic absorbing capacity of materials in foundry industry
51%
Nowak D. , Stachowicz M. , Pigiel M.
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2010
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tom Vol. 10, iss. 1 spec.
237--242
EN
In the paper, a research on determining the standing wave ratio as a measure of electromagnetic absorbing capacity of moulding materials is presented. Preliminary tests performed using a microwave strip line showed that high-silica, chromite and magnesite moulding sands are characterised by low absorbing capacity of microwaves. It was demonstrated that microwave absorbing capacity is significantly affected by chemical compounds included in the examined substrates. It was found that use of a microwave strip line permits precise determining characteristic microwave absorbing capacities of various moulding materials and thus their suitability for microwave drying/hardening of moulds and cores or for other foundry processes. Such a microwave drier can be applied for identifying mass components and for determining e.g. base granularity by means of precisely determined reflection ratios |Γ| and positions of minimum signal values.
11
Content available remote Possibilities of utilizing used moulding and core sands by microwave treatment
51%
Granat K. , Nowak D. , Stachowicz M. , Pigiel M.
|
2011
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tom Vol. 11, iss. 1
35-38
EN
The paper presents a semi-industrial reactor designed for microwave utilization of waste moulds and cores made of moulding sands prepared in furane resin technology. It was found that a possibility exists of effective incinerating this way prepared residues of cores separated from moulding sands or waste moulds left after casting. The preliminary tests evidenced that microwave heating is an effective way of disposing waste moulding sands and the applied apparatus permits effective control of the microwave heating process. The special structure permitting rotations of charge material and proper selection of the generators working cycles guarantee significant speeding-up the process and its full stabilisation. Application of microwave heating for utilization of waste moulds and cores containing synthetic resins as binders ensures significant and measurable economical benefits resulting from shorter process time.
12
Content available remote Application of graftech method for pro-gramming of discrete technological process
51%
Pigiel M. , Więcławek R. , Wikiera R.
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2007
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tom Vol. 7, iss. 1
9-12
EN
This article contains description of a new programming method of PLC controllers, presently a fundamental tool in discrete process auto-mation. A PLC user, applying standard languages for programming of sequence processes, is forced to rely on intuitive methods as well as his own experience. For this reason, the authors attempted to work out a method, which would allow for simple execution of the program-ming process with no limits regarding number of steps and input and output signals. The result of these studies is a method named Graftech by its authors. The method consists in determination of a functional program in LD language, basing on process algorithm written with SFC network. The rules concerning determination of the functional program are also described. Application of Graftech method is illustrated with an example of automatic ejector of casting molds.
13
Content available remote Application of microwaves for incinerating waste shell moulds and cores
51%
Granat K. , Pigiel M. , Florczak W.
|
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tom Vol. 8, iss. 3s
167--170
EN
In the paper, investigation results of microwave heating application for incinerating waste shell moulds and cores made of moulding sands with thermosetting resins are presented. It was found that waste shell cores or shell moulds left after casting, separated from moulding sand, can be effectively incinerated. It was evidenced that microwave heating allows effective control of this process and its results. Incineration of waste moulds and cores made of commercial grades of resin-coated moulding sand using microwave heating was found to be an effective way of their utilisation. It was determined that the optimum burning time of these wastes (except those insufficiently disintegrated and not mixed with an activating agent) is maximum 240 s at the used magnetron power of 650 W. It was noticed that proper disintegration of the wastes and use of suitable additives to intensify the microwave heating process guarantee significant reduction of the process time and its full stabilisation. Application of microwave heating for incinerating waste shell moulds and cores ensure substantial and measurable economic profits due to shorter process time and lower energy consumption.
14
Content available remote Grawimetr mikrofalowy do pomiaru wilgotności w materiałach sypkich
45%
Pigiel M. , Jędrusyna A. , Parosa R. , Reszke E. , Mękalski T.
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tom Vol. 20, Nr 1
137-146
PL
W artykule opisano zastosowanie nagrzewania mikrofalowego do pomiaru wilgotności materiałów sypkich. Podano zasadę działania grawimetru mikrofalowego i opisano prototyp urządzenia przeznaczony do suszenia próbek o masie do 150 g. Opisano wyniki" testów urządzenia przeprowadzonych dla różnych materiałów sypkich. Wykazano, że zastosowanie metody suszenia mikrofalowego kilkakrotnie skraca czas pomiaru wilgotności próbki w porównaniu z metodami konwencjonalnymi.
EN
This article contains applying of microwave rays to measure of humidity of loose sample materials. The rules of working of microwave gravimeter have been written and also the equipment prototype to drying samples to 150 g. Results of examines for various loose materials were given. It has been shown that using this method makes time of measurement humid sample shorter 2-10 times comparing with traditional methods.
15
Content available remote Determination of application possibilities of microwave heating in the curing process of water glass molding sands with fluid esters. Part 2
45%
Granat K. , Nowak D. , Pigiel M. , Stachowicz M. , Wikiera R.
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2009
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tom Vol. 9, iss. 1
51-56
EN
This article, constituting continuation of the subject discussed in the first part, presents results of the experimental trial of water glass molding sands' curing method modification with application of fluid esters and innovative microwave heating. The research objective was to determine possibilities of microwave application for curing of water glass molding sands prepared with addition of hardening agents sold under the trade name of Mach. After initial chemical curing molding sands, prepared with addition of the above mentioned hardeners, have been heated with microwaves in order to determine their influence on changes of basic technological and strength parameters of the sands, and indirectly on the quality of quartz grains binding. Studies aimed at determination of water content changes in the sands have also been undertaken. As our studies demonstrated, microwave heating allows for quick reduction of water content, thus resulting in improvement of strength parameters such as bending and tensile strength. Application of the combined methods of ester curing and innovative microwave heating facilitates production of high quality foundry moulds and cores, while simultaneously improving mould and core preparation procedures at the foundries and as a result reduces their time to an indispensable minimum.
16
Content available remote Determination of application possibilities of microwave heating in the curing process of water glass molding sands with fluid esters. Part 1
45%
Granat K. , Nowak D. , Pigiel M. , Stachowicz M. , Wikiera R.
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2009
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tom Vol. 9, iss. 1
45-50
EN
This article presents results of the experimental trial of combination of the chemical method of water glass molding sands' curing, used in foundry industry, with an innovative microwave heating. The research objective was to indicate at new areas of microwave energy application. The sands prepared, according to recommendations for curing technology, with the use of ethylene glycol diacetate, have been subject to microwave influence. The attempt at determination of microwave influence on qualitative changes of the binding bridges created during the curing process concerned such parameters as: bending and tensile strength, permeability as well as wear resistance. Moreover, we also determined the influence of microwave curing on the phenomena accompanying the process as well as bond stability (storage time of the prepared molding and core sands). It has been found, basing on the result analysis, that the innovative microwave heating might constitute a very good supplementation of the ester curing method. The advantages of the combined chemical and microwave gelation process include, among others, improvement of the described resistance and technological parameters as well as significant decrease of preparation time of foundry moulds and cores. The subject discussed in this article will be continued in its second part.
17
Content available Badania gazów powstałych w procesie mikrofalowej utylizacji mas formierskich. Część 1
45%
Samociuk B. , Granat K. , Nowak D. , Stachowicz M. , Pigiel M.
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tom Vol. 13, iss. 1 spec.
159--162
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań gazów, powstałych podczas utylizacji wybranych mas formierskich w reaktorze mikrofalowym, z punktu widzenia ich szkodliwości dla otoczenia. Metodą chromatografii gazowej analizowano gazy z pięciu mas formierskich (cztery ze spoiwem organicznym i jedną z nieorganicznym). Do utylizacji mas formierskich wykorzystano półprzemysłowy reaktor mikrofalowy. Analizując wyniki badań stwierdzono, że nastąpiło przekroczenie wartości największych dopuszczalnych stężeń gazów wytlewnych, określonych w Dyrektywie Unii Europejskiej wskaźnikiem szkodliwości dla otoczenia, jedynie w przypadku masy z żywicą fenolową Fenotec P439.
EN
In this work the influence of gases emitted from utilization of molding sand on the enviroment was studied. Five different molding sands were examined by gas chromatographic method. The analysis showed that the utilization of molding sands in the microwaves reactor found larger than allowable concentrations of gases only in the molding sand with phenolic resin Fenotec P439.
18
Content available remote Microwaves energy in curing process of water glass molding sands
45%
Granat K. , Nowak D. , Pigiel M. , Stachowicz M. , Wikiera R.
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2007
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tom Vol. 7, iss. 1
183-188
EN
This work presents the results of investigation of microwave heating on hardening process of water glass molding sands. Essential influence of this heating process on basic properties such as: compression, bending and tensile strength as well as permeability and abrasion resistance has been found. It has been proved, that all investigated sorts of sodium water glass with a module between 2.0 and 3.3 can be used as a binder of molding sands in microwave curing process. It has been found during analysis of research results of sands with 2.5 % water glass addition that they are practically the same as in case of identical molding sands dried for 120 minutes at the temperature of 110°C, used for comparative purposes. Application of microwave curing of molding sands with water glass, however, guarantees reduction of hardening time (from 120 to 4 minutes) as well as significant reduction of energy consumption. Attempts of two stage hardening of the investigated water glass molding sands have also been carried out, that is after an initial hardening during a classical CO_2 process (identical sands have also been tested for comparison after CO_2 blowing process) and additional microwave heating. It has been found that application of this kind of treatment for curing sands with 2.5 % sodium water glass content and module from 2.0 up to 3.3 results in the improvement of properties in comparison to classical CO_2 process.
19
Content available remote The influence of microwave heating and water glass kind on the properties of molding sands
45%
Granat K. , Nowak D. , Pigiel M. , Stachowicz M. , Wikiera R.
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tom Vol. 8, iss. 1 spec.
119--122
EN
This work presents results of research on the influence of microwave heating time on the process of hardening of water glass molding sands. Essential influence of this drying process on basic properties such as: compression, bending and tensile strength as well as permeability and wear resistance, has been found. It has been proved, that all the investigated sorts of sodium water glass could be used as binding material of molding sands intended for curing with the microwave process heating. It has been found, while analyzing the results of property studies of microwave heated molding sands with 2.5% addition of water glass, that all available on the market kinds of this binding agent (including the most frequently used in foundry 145 and 149 kinds) after microwave heating guarantee very good compression, bending and tensile strength as well as permeability and wear resistance. Moreover, it has been determined that the optimal curing power of molding sands containing various kinds of water glass is 560 W. All values exceeding this result in stabilization of basic properties of molding sands. The use of microwave curing of water glass molding sands results in a significant decrease of hardening a process time, full stabilization of molding sands as well as much lower energy consumption.
20
Content available Microwave Absorption by Used Moulding and Core Sands
32%
Nowak D. , Stachowicz M. , Granat K. , Pigiel M.
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