Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Biological factor controlling methane production in surface sediment in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon

100%

Reindl A. R. , Bolałek J.

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tom Vol. 46, No. 2

223--230

EN

Due to the limited water exchange, lagoons are particularly prone to eutrophication. The consumption of oxygen in this process, coupled with simultaneous enrichment of bottom sediments with organic matter, reinforces the occurrence of anaerobic conditions and methanogenic growth. Methanogenic archaea activities cause depolymerization of organic compounds accumulated in sediments. As a result of such ecosystem transformation, methane might be produced and emitted from this basin. Chemical studies conducted in 2010 were focused on methane content in the surface bottom sediments in the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon. The results showed that the highest methane concentration occurs in the southwestern part of this basin (6.45 mmol dm-3), while the lowest one in the southeastern part (7.1 × 10-3 mmol dm-3). Molecular studies were focused on specific methanogenic archaea gene identification. The comparison of nucleotide sequences of “mcrA gene” clones obtained from genomic DNA isolated from the Vistula Lagoon sediments indicates a similarity to the yet uncultivated archaea, but also to archaea from the Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales orders.

2

Transformations and release of phosphorus forms at the sediment-water interface in the Pomeranian Bay (southern Baltic)

100%

Frankowski L. , Bolałek J.

Oceanologia

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1999

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tom No. 41 (3)

429-444

EN

A laboratory chamber experiment was carried out to estimate the release of phosphate from sediments to water. The phosphate thus released originated almost exclusively from the mineralisation of organic matter. Since the release took place between the fifth and the tenth day of the experiment, the compounds undergoing mineralisation were most probably proteins, aminoacids or lipids, whose decomposition times are of the order of several days to several weeks. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to determine the similarities and differences in the chemical composition of the surface sediments of the Pomeranian Bay. The study area can be divided into three subregions based on PCA. The first is the estuarine region A with a distinct station located next to the Swina River estuary; the second is the central Pomeranian Bay (region B), and the third is the deep region C, with a distinct subregion in the vicinity of the Sassnitz Deep. The phosphorus flux from sediments to water was estimated at 14 x 103 t per year, but was balanced by the deposition flux of organic matter. Phosphorus deposition and release at the sediment-water interface in the Pomeranian Bay therefore play a crucial role in qualitative transformations of the phosphorus compounds, although Pomeranian Bay sediments may not be important as a source or sink of phosphorus compounds.

3

Temporal variations in phosphorus species in the surface layer of bottom sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk - preliminary research

100%

Graca B. , Bolałek J.

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2000

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tom Vol. 29, No. 4

55-66

EN

Temporal variations in phosphorus species [total phosphorus (Ptot), organic phosphorus (Porg), total inorganic phosphorus (Pmin), phosphorus bound to calcium (PCa), aluminium (PAl) and iron (PFe)] were studied in the surface layer of bottom sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk. These changes were caused mainly by variability in Porg, PAl and PFe concentrations and were closely related to the growth cycle in the basin. The phosphorus concentration was higher in the spring and summer (April - September) that in the autumn and winter (November-March). For much of the year concentrations of Pmin were higher than those of organic phosphorus. The prevalent form of inorganic phosphorus was PCa, whose concentrations exceeded those of iron- and aluminium-bound phosphorus.

4

Distribution of the Fe (II) and Fe (III) dissolved in the interstitial water of the Gulf of Gdańsk

100%

Białkowska I. , Bolałek J.

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2000

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tom Vol. 29, No. 4

43-54

EN

A sediment environment of the Gulf of Gdańsk is reductive to the iron (III). The iron (II) is a dominant form of this element in the interstitial water, and a total reduction takes place in a sediment layer of up to 20 cm. A speciation of a dissolved iron as well as a total iron concentration is related to types of sediments in a measuring point. It could also be noted that a concentration of each iron form in the above-bottom water layer is much lower than in the interstitial water of the top sediment layer. To illustrate redox conditions in the environment a ratio Fe(III) : Fe(II) was introduced. In the waters, the iron (III) dominates and the Fe(III) : Fe(II) ratio is much higher than the relevant value in the interstitial water.

5

Methanogenic Microbial Communities in Sediment From the Coastal Area of Puck Bay (Southern Baltic)

100%

Reindl A. R. , Bolałek J.

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2012

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tom Vol. 41, No. 3

33-39

EN

In this work, data on methanogenic Archaea communities in sediment from the coastal area of Puck Bay were investigated. Sediments were collected along the Hel Peninsula from areas characterized by the occurrence of gas bubbles. Based on the analysis of molecular markers, the presence of a specific methanogenic Archaea gene was detected at all stations. Further research involved the cloning and sequencing of methanogenic DNA. Based on the comparison of obtained genetic sequences with existing genetic databases, it was confirmed that all of the nucleotide sequences belonged to the domain Archaea. Furthermore, in the investigated sediment certain sequences had certain similarities to the sequences of organisms from the families Methanosarcinaceae, Methanospirillaceae and Methanocorpusculaceae.

6

Methane flux from sediment into near-bottom water in the coastal area of the Puck Bay (Southern Baltic)

100%

Reindl A. R. , Bolałek J.

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2012

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tom Vol. 41, No. 3

40-47

EN

This work presents the results of the study on methane emission from the sea bottom in the coastal zone of Puck Bay. The investigations were conducted from June through September 2010 at seven sampling sites located along the Hel Peninsula. The research results indicate that the methane flux rates vary periodically. Methane emission from seabed into near-bottom water in the coastal zone of Puck Bay along the Hel Peninsula ranged from 0.91 mmol m-2 d-1 to 49.15 mmol m-2 d-1.

7

Udział formy labilnej i całkowitej wybranych metali w osadach Portu Gdańskiego

100%

Bolałek J. , Radke B.

Przegląd Komunalny

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2006

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tom nr 9

78-79

PL

Ze względu na duże skupienie przemysłu w obrębie kanałów portowych osady denne z tego rejonu charakteryzują się wysokimi stężeniami pierwiastków śladowych. W celu utrzymania bezpieczeństwa nawigacyjnego portu należy regularnie usuwać nagromadzone namuły (zwane urobkiem czerpalnym) i składować je na wyznaczonych do tego celu obszarach (na lądzie lub w morzu). W przypadku obszarów morskich miejsca te zwane są klapowiskami.

8

The occurrence of total and labile forms of lead and nickel in the sediments of the Port of Gdańsk

80%

Radke B. , Dembska G. , Aftanas B. , Bolałek J.

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2004

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tom Vol. 33, No. 2

41--56

EN

Sediment samples collected in 1997 and 1998 from the Wiślane, Obrońców Poczty Polskiej or Siarkowe (Sulfur), Oliwskie and Paliw Płynnych (Liquid Fuels) quays were sorted into four grain size fractions, i.e., <2.00 mm; 2.00 - 0.063 mm; 0.063 - 0.032 mm; <0.032 mm. It was determined that the sediments in the port area are small-grained sands with a small admixture of silt. The analyzed benthic sediments contained different amounts of organic matter and displayed varying water content. The mean contents of the labile form of lead and its total concentration in the grain size fraction <2.00 mm were 6.4 mg.kg –1 d.w. and 11.4 mg.kg –1 d.w., respectively. These values for nickel were 2.9 mg.kg –1 d.w. for the labile form and 7.1 mg.kg –1 d.w. for total concentration. The widest range of values was noted in the sediment surface layer (0-20 cm) for total concentration and labile forms. Sediments collected from locations close to the Gulf of Gdansk (e.g., Liquid Fuels Quay) and from areas with low industrial activity (e.g., Sulfur Quay) exhibited Pb and Ni concentrations which were many times lower than those in other areas of the port which were investigated.

9

Pathways and determinations of organometallic compounds in the marine environment with a particular emphasis on organotin

80%

Radke B. , Namieśnik J. , Bolałek J.

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tom Vol. 32, No. 3

43-71

EN

Organometallic compounds are widely used in almost all sectors of industry. Some organometallic compounds are very potent toxins. Human activity releases organometallic compounds into the natural environment where they undergo various changes through compoundenvironment interactions. These compounds have a negative impact on living organisms. The most widespread, man-made organometallic compounds present in the natural environment are those of tin, mercury and lead.

10

Interdependence between phosphorus forms in sediments and iron in interstitial waters in the Gulf of Gdańsk

80%

Matuszewska K. , Białkowska I. , Bolałek J.

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tom Vol. 32, No. 1

5-14

EN

The content of various phosphorus forms in sediments and the content of iron in interstitial waters were measured in sediment samples collected in the Gulf of Gdańsk in March 2001. The studies showed that the greatest amounts of the total phosphorus and total dissolved iron were present in the uppermost sediment layer, and their respective concentrations ranged from 203.99 žmol g-1 d.w. to 1894.02 μmol g-1 d.w., and from 0.02 μmol dm-3 to 4.68 μmol dm-3. The contents of these parameters were directly connected with the type of sediment – the greatest concentrations were measured in fine sediments. The analysis of multiple correlation coefficients demonstrated that in over 90% of cases the concentration of phosphorus bound with iron depended on: the sediment type and its humidity, the content of organic matter, and the concentration of the total iron dissolved in the interstitial waters.

11

Biogenic substances in the waters of the gulf of Gdańsk in the IIIrd decade of july 1997, after passage of flood wave

80%

Bolałek J. , Aftanas B. , Lubomirski K. , Karp G.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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1998

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tom Vol. 25, No. 1

77--83

EN

The paper discusses the distribution of salinity and of dissolved non-organic salts of nitrogen and phosphorus (nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, phos;hates) in the surface waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk after the flood wave passed in the IIIrd decade of July 1997. It was found, by comparing with data obtained in the past years, that the summer flood wave did not cause large changes in the amounts of the investigated biogenic substances in the waters of the region.

12

Investigations of the possibilities of determining vanadium in water by absorption atomic spectrometry using initial concentration by the chelate formation and extraction methods

80%

Karp G. , Wiśniewski S. , Aftanas B. , Bolałek J.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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1998

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tom Vol. 25, No. 1

69--76

EN

Possibilities of determining low concentrations of vanadium in underground and surface waters using the absorptive atomic spectrometry with flame excitation method were tested. Due to the very low le vel of concentration of the determined element in water, initial condensation was necessary by chelate formation with 1-ammonium-pyrrolidin-dithiocarbamat (APDC) at pH= 4, and by extracting to the isobutyl methyl ketone (MIBK). Spectrometric measurements were made in the obtained extract. After optimising the conditions of measurement, investigating and determining the influence of disturbing substances, and determining the limit of detectability, it was found that using the developed method vanadium can be determined in water in the range of concentrations between 0.004 and 0.050 mgV/dm3. Determination becomes impossible if concentrations of iron of over 0.5 mgldm3 are present.

13

Short-term changes in the hydrochemical constituents in the water column of the Gdańsk Deep (Baltic Sea) in spring. Part 1. Nutrient and oxygen concentrations in relation to the density stratification

80%

Falkowska L. , Burska D. , Bolałek J.

Oceanologia

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1998

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tom No. 40 (2)

83-104

EN

Both the seasonal thermocline in the uppermost layer of the sea and the halocline in the near-bottom layer were found to constrain transport of chemical compounds to the productive layer of the Gdansk Deep. The occasional disappearance of the halocline resulted on the one hand in the flow of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds through the intermediate layer towards the surface, and on the other in a considerable improvement in oxygen conditions in the near-bottom layer, this usually being either poorly oxygenated or anoxic. A statistically significant negative correlation between nitrate and oxygen concentrations was found in the isohaline layer. The N:P ratio was usually low during the day but increased at night. During spring this ratio increased in the euphotic layer. The large number of high N:P ratios may attest to the shortage of phosphates and to the change in the limiting factor - from nitrogen compounds in early spring to phosphates in late spring.

14

Temporal variability in the chemical composition of bottom sediments in the Pomeranian Bay (southern Baltic)

80%

Burska D. , Frankowski L. , Bolałek J.

Oceanologia

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1999

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tom No. 41 (3)

445-459

EN

Seasonal changes in the chemical composition of sediments from four stations located in the Pomeranian Bay were analysed. The investigations were carried out in four periods (March and July 1996, and May and October 1997). The following parameters were investigated: organic carbon and nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic phosphorus, loss on ignition and redox potential. On the basis of these results the influence of the following processes and phenomena was noted: the early spring phytoplankton bloom dominated by diatoms (March 1996); the intense inflow of allochthonous matter brought into the Bay with the waters of the Swina (May 1997); the summer bloom of blue-green algae and dinoflagellates (July 1996); the consequences of the summer 1997 flood which occurred in southern Poland (October 1997).

15

Sulfur in the marine environment

80%

Jasińska A. , Burska D. , Bolałek J.

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2012

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tom Vol. 41, No. 2

72-81

EN

Sulfur is an element commonly occurring in the environment. It is present in the atmosphere, in the hydrosphere, and in live organisms; it is one of the most important physicochemical and geological indicators. Depending on the natural conditions, sulfur compounds in the environment may play the role of electron acceptor or donor in the redox processes. These compounds influence the ion concentration and ion balance in benthic sediments. They also determine the speciation, bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals. Comprehensive knowledge of the processes mediated by sulfur can be a valuable source of information about the past and present state of the ecosystem.

16

Geochemical and acoustic evidence for the occurrence of methane in sediments of the Polish sector of the southern Baltic Sea

80%

Brodecka A. , Majewski P. , Bolałek J. , Klusek Z.

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tom No. 55 (4)

951--978

EN

This paper presents the results of geochemical and acoustic investigations of sediments in the Polish sector of the southern Baltic Sea. Its objective was to indicate areas of gas bubble formation and the occurrence of methane. Over 3000 nautical miles of transects were recorded using a variety of hydroacoustic instruments, and five coring points were selected for further analyses of pore waters (CH4, SO4-2, H2S, NH4+, total alkalinity) and sediments (grain size distribution, Corg, Ntot, LOI and WC). Gas turned out to be present at shallow depths in different forms such as recent and buried pockmarks, and gas-saturated sediments (including gas pockets and seepages). It was found that methane was widespread in the sediments of the study area, both in the surface sediments, e.g. in the vicinity of the Hel Peninsula or in the central Gulf of Gdańsk, and in deeper sediment layers, e.g. in the Gdańsk Deep and the Słupsk Furrow. Chemical analysis showed that as a result of the rapid decomposition of organic matter, sulphates were depleted in the top 20 cm layer of sediments and that methane was produced at relatively shallow depths (in some areas even at depths of 20-30 cm bsf) compared to other regions of the Baltic, reaching concentrations of >6 mmol l-1 in the 30-40 cm layer below the sediment surface. The sulphate-methane transition zone (SMTZ) was 4-37 cm thick and was situated in the uppermost 50 cm of the sediments.

17

The MicrotoxŽ biological test: Application in toxicity evaluation of surface waters and sediments in Poland

71%

Niemirycz E. , Nichthauser J. , Staniszewska M. , Nałęcz-Jawecki G. , Bolałek J.

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2007

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tom Vol. 36, No.4

151-163

EN

Research into the suitability of MicrotoxŽ for the evaluation of toxicity of surface waters and bottom sediments in Poland was conducted. Water bodies of various pollution levels were tested, including the Odra River and its tributaries, the Lower Vistula River, the Kashubian Lake District and the Gulf of Gdańsk, using a MicrotoxŽ Model 500 analyser (Mierobies Corporation, USA). The majority of tested surface water samples were found to be apparently non-toxie. However, 75% of the bottom sediment samples were found to be highly toxic (EC50<2%). These results indicate that the MicrotoxŽ test is suitable for evaluating the toxicity of bottom sediments, in which pollutants tend to accumulate. It seems, however, that MicrotoxŽ lacks the sensitivity to be of use in analyzing water quality. The relationship between the toxicity of analysed sediments and their organic content was examined.

18

Distribution of migration (state) forms of microelements in the sediments of the ports of Klaipeda and Gdańsk

71%

Pustelnikovas O. , Dembska G. , Szefer P. , Radke B. , Bolałek J.

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2007

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tom Vol. 36, No.4

129-149

EN

During investigations of the Baltic Sea basin significant differences have become manifest in the distribution of certain chemical elements in different chains of the geo (-eco) system (soils, river, lagoon and marine sediments). This paper presents data on the quantitative relationships of elements resulting from interactions of natural sedimentation processes and the possible human impact on the sediments from two port areas. The total (T), lithogenic (LG; stable) and hydrogenic (HG; mobile, reactive) migration forms of Zn, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and Ni were analysed. The HG component comprises that pool of the elements contained in readily degrading minerals increases in this form potentially being an indicator of adverse human impacts. The distribution of total forms depends on the quantity of the sediment fraction with grain size < 0.063 mm (fr. < 0.063 mm) and on the concentration of organic content (Corg). With increasing sediment depth, the concentration of elements decreases sharply, although HG concentrations were seen to increase on several occasions. One explanation for such findings is the mineralisation and decomposition of metals from the remnants of biological activities of organisms (pellets, globules) into the sediments. Element concentrations in the natural sedimentation zone (NSZ) of the marine-influenced North Port at Gdańsk are less than in the NSZ and technogenic sedimentation zone (TSZ) of the riverine part of the port of Gdańsk. The ratios between HG, LG and T in the two sedimentation zones are different for different elements, but are always higher in the TSZ than in the NSZ. Multi-site analyses of the port basins allowed NSZ and TSZ to be distinguished. The TSZ is typified by anomalous concentrations of elements, the specific distribution of their migration forms, the semi-stagnant conditions prevailing there and the proximity of human impact sources. The data presented in this paper indicate that the concentrations of only some of the elements in the TSZ sediments of the ports of Klaipeda and Gdańsk exceed the permitted norms for spoil dredged from port basins. By no means can the total load of elements contained in the spoil dumped at sea be treated as an indicator of marine pollution. For an objective assessment of the real pollution threat to port environments, detailed investigations of the various migration forms of chemical elements need to be carried out, and previously established levels revised.

19

Spatial distribution of labile and total forms of copper and zinc in sediments from the Port of Gdansk

71%

Radke B. , Dembska G. , Aftanas B. , Kowalczyk A. , Bolałek J.

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2007

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tom Vol. 36, No.4

79-89

EN

Sediment cores were collected from a number of sites in the Port of Gdansk in 1997 and 1998. The samples were segregated by depth then dried, homogenised and sieved into four grain size fractions (>2.00 mm, 2.00 - 0.063 mm, 0.063 - 0.032 mm, and 0.032 mm) Small-grained sand with a low admixture of silt predominated in all samples, whilst the amount of organie matter and water varied between samples. The 2.00 - 0.063 mm size fraction was the most abundant; and also showed the highest accumulation of trace metals. In the <2.00 mm size fraction the mean concentration of labile forms of copper was 9.06 mg kg"1 DW, while the concentration of total forms was 12.73 mg kg'1 DW. The mean concentrations of labile and total forms of zinc in this fraction were 31.79 and 46.27 mg kg"1 DW, respectively. The widest ranges of concentrations for both labile and total forms of the metals were found in the near-surface sediment layers (0-20 cm). Sediments collected from highly industrialized locations contained the highest concentrations of metals.

20

Porewater nutrients (phosphate, ammonia and silicate) in the eastern part of the southern Baltic Sea

61%

Graca B. , Witek Z. , Burska D. , Białkowska I. , Pawelec A. , Bolałek J.

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2006

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tom Vol. 35, No.3

237-256

EN

In the present work, results of studies concerning phosphate, ammonia and silicate in porewaters of the eastern part of the southern Baltic sediments are presented. A strong interaction was observed between the investigated compound concentrations and the sea bottom type, defined by means of the sediment water content (W) and loss on ignition (LOI) values. High concentrations and an exponential increase in concentration downwards in the sediment depth profile was observed in regions named here transport/accumulation bottom (LOI?4%, W?50%). Lower concentrations and irregular changes in concentration with depth occurred in regions designated as erosion bottom type (LOI<4, W<50%). Only in areas under strong anthropogenic influence (Vistula river mouth, the vicinity of Gdynia harbour), in the erosion type bottom concentration periodically raised to the level observed in the transport/accumulation bottom areas. The mass of nutrients accumulated in porewaters in the 10 cm thick layer of surface sediments of the Gulf of Gdańsk in September 2000 was estimated to be 910 t P-PO43-, 2780 t N-NH4+ and 5430 t DSi, while in March/April of 2001 estimated values equalled 908 t P-PO43-, 1860 t N-NH4+ and 3080 t DSi. In the erosion bottom areas, approximately 12 t, 210 t and 650 t of P-PO43-, N-NH4+ and DSi, respectively, were flushed out of the sediments during the intensive autumn-winter mixing.