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Rev. Konstanty Michalski’s reflections on beastliness and heroism

100%

Bochenek K.

2022

nr 8: "Filozofia w Galicji III"

179-189

Historia ludzkości to trudny do zrozumienia spektakl, w którym aktorzy łamią granice bestialstwa i heroizmu. Są przy tym chwile, jak II wojna światowa, kiedy morze zła i okrucieństwa, ale także dobra i heroizmu, toczą ze sobą walkę o metafizycznej wręcz skali. Kompetentnym myślicielem do mierzenia się z tym tematem jest ksiądz Konstanty Michalski, ceniony uczony, który w okresie wojny kilka miesięcy przebywał w obozie koncentracyjnym w Sachsenhausen. Swoją głęboką analizę istoty i źródeł walki miłości i nienawiści sugestywnie, także dla czytelnika z XXI wieku, zaprezentował w książce Między heroizmem a bestialstwem, wydanej po raz pierwszy już po śmierci autora w 1949 roku. Pomimo tego, iż od tamtej chwili minęło już ponad 70 lat, to rozważania w niej zawarte wciąż są aktualne.

The history of humanity is a spectacle difficult to understand, in which the actors break the boundaries of beastliness and heroism. There are moments, such as the Second World War, when a sea of evil and cruelty, but also of good and heroism, are at war with each other on a metaphysical scale. A thinker competent to grapple with this subject is Rev. Konstanty Michalski, a respected scholar who spent several months in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp during the war. He presented his profound analysis of the essence and sources of the struggle between love and hatred in his book Between Heroism and Beastliness, which was first published after the author’s death in 1949. Although more than 70 years have passed since then, the reflections it contains are still relevant today.

Implications of Reductive Anthropology for Religion (The perspective of Catholic personalism in Poland at the turn of the 20th and 21st Centuries)

100%

Bochenek K.

tom 14

nr 1

43-57

Experiencing the drama of being internally conflicted, postmodern people move away not only from God and religion, but also from the nature of other people. And yet, man cannot exist in an ideological or religious vacuum. This article reflects on the anthropological roots of the negation and affirmation of God and religion. The truth about religion is inextricably linked to the truth about man, and the question of perceiving man as a religious being is one of the important issues of philosophical anthropology.

If There is No Religion: L. Kołakowski’s Defence of the Sacred. Part 2 a polemic

51%

Bochenek K. , Mordka C. , Stala J.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

2023

tom 13

nr 1

25-36

The article is an argument with the main theses presented by L. Kołakowski in his vision of religion. The discussion, which considers the strengths of the Polish philosopher’s analyses, concerns the distinction between empiricism and transcendentalism, the epistemological status of empirical sciences and broadly understood naturalisms, as well as the question of metaphysical horror as understood by L. Kołakowski. The text analyses the anthropological argument and the specificity of religion with its personal trust, the specificity of human existence, the experience of the sacred-profane and the importance of religion for human existence. The conclusion presents a further perspective for the analysis of the phenomenon of religion.

If there is no Religion – L. Kołakowski’s Defence of the Sacred. Part 1

51%

Bochenek K. , Mordka C. , Stala J.

nr 2

5-17

This article is an attempt to present the views of the Polish philosopher on the phenomenon of religion. L. Kołakowski devoted almost all his professional life to the issue of religion. He places the area of religious experiences and beliefs within the framework of transcendentalism, one of the basic and mutually exclusive options: “transcendentalism – empiricism”. Empiricism is the sphere of naturalistic views and contents, and their most radical representatives are empirical sciences and philosophies related to them. Kołakowski points out that there is no reason for the naturalistic option to exhaust the cognitive content. However, a philosophical attempt to go beyond naturalism in grasping the Absolute and the self, ends in metaphysical horror. Hence L. Kołakowski points to religious perception as an area that remains non-scientific but this fact does not contradict its value. A special place in L. Kołakowski’s analyses is occupied by the anthropological argument under which the biologisation of human existence is unjustified.