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PARTY EDUCATION IN COMMUNIST ROMANIA. CASE STUDY: THE ESTABLISHMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE PLOUGHMEN’S FRONT’S SCHOOLS OF CADRES (1948)

100%

Radu S.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

2012

tom 98

nr 1-2

65-79

After the establishment of the communist regime in Romania after World War II, the Communist Party concerned with coaching of some office workers who had two important tasks: to ensure the understructure of a party that was on a path of development, and to disseminate the communist political ideology to the population. The role of educating those „aparatciki” belonged to the schools of cadres. They were created after the Soviet model with Soviet instructors in the beginning and they became the fundamentals of the party education in Romania during the 50’s. The schools of cadres were established and functioned in Romania not only within the Communist Party, but also within the organizations of the most important “fellow-travelers” (comrades) in the period 1944-1953: The Ploughmen’s Front. This case study analyses mainly the foundation in 1948 and the organization of the first schools of cadres of that political peasant party, which had over a million members at that time. The main task of the schools of cadres was to create an increasing number of party propagandists who had to implement the communist ideology into the rural world with the aim to facilitate the process of communization in the Romanian villages, especially in those ones where the communists were very unpopular. In this article we analyzed issues as: the leading structure of the schools of cadres, the politics of recruiting students, the program and the mission of the schools of cadres and also some shortcomings which were identified by the leaders of the Ploughmen’s Front. The entire activity of organizing the schools of cadres of the Ploughmen’s Front, as well as the contents of the education process, took place under the guidance and control of the Romanian Communist Party.

Chłopskie organizacje polityczne w komunistycznej Rumunii: casus Frontu Oraczy

63%

Radu S. , Solomon F.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

2015

tom 122

nr 1

The Political Organisation of the Peasantry in Communist Romania: The Ploughmen’s Front (1945–1953)This article comes to fill a period from the Romanian history that remained not enough explained: the process of communization and the role played by the comrade of the Communist Party. The Ploughmen’s Front represented the strongest and the oldest comrade of the Communist Party from Romania. The main task of Ploughmen’s Front was to implement the Communist ideology in the countryside, facilitating the process of communization of the Romanian villages, where the Communists were extremely unpopular. The article focuses on the structures of the ploughmen’s organization, and especially the manner in which the Ploughmen’s Front was involved in the communization of the Romanian countryside. The research work is based on unpublished archival documents as well as on the assessment of Romanian and foreign historiography and on the propaganda materials used by the Ploughmen’s Front. In 1949–1953 the Ploughmen’s Front had organizations in almost all the villages and communes of Romania and its main task was to spread the ideas of the Communist party among peasants, especially those regarding the socialist transformation, the importance of the party in the peasant life and modernization of the village.

THE “COMRADES”, PROPAGANDA AND THE COLLECTIVIZATION OF AGRICULTURE IN EASTERN EUROPE

51%

Radu S. , Cosmin B. , Flavius S.

Historický časopis (Historical Journal)

2015

tom 63

nr 1

113 – 135

The Soviet experience between 1920 and 1930 helped the leaders of the Eastern European communist states in the late 1940s and early 1950s to adopt complex strategies in order to attract the widest possible segment of the population possible to the new regime’s side, or to at least ensure a neutral attitude from the part of the most important social categories, such as the peasants. The active presence in the rural world of political organizations which were formally autonomous but closely linked to the communist parties customized the collectivization of Eastern European states to the Soviet Union, where the massive collectivization was done under the supervision of the Communist Party exclusively. Another feature, illustrated on the basis of this case study is that, considering the Soviet experience, the Communist parties from Eastern Europe used propaganda in the process of collectivization of agriculture. The Ploughmen’s Front represented the strongest and oldest front organization comrade of the Romanian Communist Party. The main task of this organization was to implement the Communist ideology in the country-side, facilitating the process of communization of the Romanian villages, where the Communists were extremely unpopular. The article focuses on the manner in which the Ploughmen’s Front was involved in the collectivization of agriculture in Romania.