Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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K. Romaniszyn, red., Portrety i autoportret. Polacy o sobie, innych narodach, Europie i Unii Europejskiej, Zakład Wydawniczy „Nomos”, Kraków 2005

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Klima E. , Łódzki U.

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XX

Recenzja

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Polityka regionalna i współpraca transgraniczna w świetle działań instytucji europejskich

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Klima E. , Uniwersytet Łódzki K. G. P. i. P. P.

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nr 6

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest omówieniu działań na rzecz regionów i współpracy transgranicznej prowadzonych w Europie. Jako przykłady posłużyły trzy różne organizacje działające na kontynencie. Przede wszystkim przedstawiono Unię Europejską. Realizowana przez nią forma integracji ponadnarodowej ma bardzo wyraźny wymiar regionalny. Pozostałe dwie instytucje to Rada Europy i Stowarzyszenie Europejskich Regionów Granicznych.

EN

The article presents wide range of activities extended to European regions, including transborder ones. Three main European institutions are analyzed - the European Union, Council of Europe and Association of European Border Regions. In the first case regional policy seems to be a test of the “supra-nationality” of the institution. For years it was reserved as a exclusively national-states domain. Today regional policy is the second position in the EU budget and regions’ representatives are the Commission partners. Although two other institutions, Council of Europe and Association of European Border Regions, dispose of much less financial potential, but thanks to their international position managed to issue legislation which is the base of regional co-operation.

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Recenzja: Humphrey C., Vitebsky P., Architektura i sacrum, Świat Książki, Warszawa, 2005

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Klima E. , Łódzki U.

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nr 9

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Kościół w małym mieście na przykładzie Brzezin i Aleksandrowa Łódzkiego

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Janiszewska A. , Klima E. , Uniwersytet Łódzki K. G. P. i. P. P.

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nr 8

EN

The paper discusses the problem of relations between religion and city space. As authors presumed it depends on the level of secularization, expressed by religiosity, the Catholic Church position in the local community and community members’ attitude towards religion space. The more advanced secularization the less ‘religious’ interpretation of sacrum space in town. The process of secularization depends, however on the type of community. The hypotheses mentioned above were verified empirically. Authors conducted survey researches in two cities, i.e. Aleksandrów Łódzki and Brzeziny. Aleksandrów is a part of Łódź agglomeration, Brzeziny is situated approximately 25 km away from Łódź. As researches proved, interpretations of the sacred space various in the towns. The role of Church in local community and the level of religiosity are less significant in Aleksandrów. It may be caused by the influence of Łódź and adaptation of city style of life. Brzeziny is still under the influence of its rural neighborhoods, preserving traditional values.

PL

Artykuł podejmuje tematykę związku pomiędzy religią a przestrzenią miasta, która jak założyły autorki opracowania zależy od poziomu sekularyzacji wyrażonej przez religijność, znaczenia Kościoła w życiu społecznym i stosunek do przestrzeni religijnej. Prezentowane wyniki badań dotyczą opinii mieszkańców dwóch miast aglomeracji łódzkiej: Aleksandrowa Łódzkiego i Brzezin. Dobór obszaru badań był podyktowany położeniem tych miast w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie dużego miasta, jakim jest Łódź. W artykule przyjęto założenie, że postęp sekularyzacji jest zależny od typu społeczności i że wywiera on wpływ na kształtowanie i interpretację miejskiej przestrzeni sacrum. Wyniki badań wykazały zróżnicowanie stopnia religijności, a także znaczenia Kościoła wśród mieszkańców Aleksandrowa Łódzkiego i Brzezin, co może świadczyć o nieco odmiennej sekularyzacji religijności badanych mieszkańców małych miast. Może to być wynik większego wpływu Łodzi na mieszkańców Aleksandrowa niż Brzezin.

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Marketplace retail in Poland in the years 1995–2006

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Klima E. , Zajączkowski J.

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EN

In the late 80s and early 90s Poland witnessed a big boom of street trade. It was caused mainly by the transition into market economy and the liberation of the prices. At the same time the borders were opened which resulted in the increase of revenue in international trade and activated small entrepreneurs. Ever since the beginning, well-organized although not always legal, marketplaces became the competition for the „single table” street stalls. The marketplaces were usually located at city squares, local crossroads and sport stadiums.

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Projekty infrastrukturalne na obszarach Natura 2000 - przykład gminy Świętajno

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Janiszewska A. , Klima E. , Rochmińska A. , Łódzki U.

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nr 10

PL

Artykuł ma na celu ukazanie rozwoju infrastruktury wodno-kanalizacyjnej na obszarach Natura 2000 na przykładzie gminy Świętajno. Rozbudowa i modernizacja tego typu urządzeń jest w dużej mierze uwarunkowana środowiskowo. Zgodnie z obowiązującym prawodawstwem unijnym i dostosowanym do niego krajowym należy zbadać wpływ tych działań na obszar Natura 2000. Akty prawne określają procedury dokonywania ocen wpływu na środowisko oraz ich zakres merytoryczny. Pozyskanie środków finansowych jest w dużej mierze uzależnione od prawidłowego przeprowadzenia procedur środowiskowych.

EN

Development of the drinking water and wastewater infrastructure systems is affected by environment conditions as well as local and European Union’s law, particularly on the protected (e.g. Nature 2000) areas. According to regulations each investment needs special assessment of its influence on environment. Specific acts describes precisely the merit and methodological scope of evaluation procedures which lead to creation of assessment report. Lack of such document or its invalid construction result in project collapse. The aim of the article is to present the rules of infrastructure development and improvement in the regions protected as Nature 2000 areas. The very attention is put on “environmental” documentation of such enterprises.

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Kobiety i mężczyźni o warunkach życia w blokach

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Janiszewska A. , Klima E. , Rochmińska A.

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EN

The aim of the paper was to assess how citizens of Łód tower block housing estates evaluate their living conditions. The inner as well as outer housing space were analysed. Gender was treated as the main determining factor. It occurred that femininity or masculinity affected opinions in the very limited range. However one can point several elements which were perceived differently by men and women i.e. accessibility of recreation and leisure areas, accessibility of educational and health institutions. Respondents, regardless to their sex, evaluated their living space relatively high. The worse notes were given to “security”. The sense of security declared by respondents differed when considered their neighbourhood. The blocks dwellers felt most safe in their flats, less on the corridors in front of their doors and in front of their blocks but the least in places such as attics or cellars. It was no significant correlation between sense of security and gender although one can say that men were more “brave”. In conclusion it has to be stated once again that gender and sex were not key determiners in evaluation of respondents’ living space and conditions.

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JAKOŚĆ ŻYCIA NA ŁÓDZKICH OSIEDLACH

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Janiszewska A. , Klima E. , Rochmińska A.

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2011

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tom 10

EN

Statement that nowadays differentiation of social structure is followed by differentiation of spatial structure sounds like cliché. In post-socialist towns those structures are not as clear and readable as in other parts of the world where free market mechanisms and social preferences can shape the space of the settlement structure (compare Castells, 1984). As G. W cławowicz (2003) writes the level of spatial segregation in Polish cities is very low. Since 50’ of the last century block of flats estates were certain melting pots of people from various social groups. Shortly after political change in 1989 they have become the synonym of degradation and, potentially, they could be the first areas where citizens’ “separation” occurred. These speculations were the impulse for conducting researches in Łód . The main aim was to asses the citizens’ quality of live level. Since this factor is treated as the crucial indicator in segregation process. Consequently people who lived in blocks of flats became the subjects of the study. The quality of life and its determinants were the subject of research. Selection of areas which were explored was based upon J. Dzieciuchowicz (2002) classification of Łód housing space. It let to choose spaces of the same urban structure and technical infrastructure. The basic method used in study was self- -administrated questionnaire. Sample size was 1 032 respondents. Additionally some observations were conducted.