The early medieval sword from Košice-Krásna is one of the most well-preserved examples of weaponry from the region of modern-day Slovakia. Discovered in 1971 during dredging activities along the river Hornád, this sword has been the subject of several studies, yet lacked comprehensive material-technological analysis until now. The sword, attributed to Petersen’s type T2, features intricate inlay decoration and high-quality blade, indicating its high craftsmanship. This study revisits the sword’s archaeological context, provides a detailed metallographic analysis, and explores its typological and chronological features. The findings suggest that the sword was constructed using advanced blacksmithing techniques, involving a complex assembly of different steel types to optimize its functional properties. Additionally, the contextual analysis implies that the sword’s deposition in the river may reflect ritual practices rather than merely accidental loss. This research contributes to the broader understanding of early medieval metallurgy and the cultural significance of weapon depositions in riverine environments
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One-handed sword from the site Posádka near Gajary was found during dam construction at the Morava River and originally was associated with a Hussite fortress from the mid-15th century that protected a ford across the river. The sword was documented using X-ray imaging, the blade to XRF analysis and metallographic analysis. The blade bears two marks – a Calvary cross and a floral motif – of inlaid brass. Metallographic analysis of the blade showed that its makeup was that of a soft core wrapped in a steel coat. The sword production process was experimentally reconstructed. Based on period iconographical sources, the sword is being dated to the second half of the 13th century. It is likely a relic of the Battle on the Marchfeld, between King Ottokar II of Bohemia and Roman Emperor Rudolph I Habsburg that took place on August 26 1278.
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