In this article has been presented the state-of-art of ecological building and the outlook for future development in the first half of the 21st century. Building requirement standards for ecological building are formulated and the degrees of ecological quality for building systems and buildings determined. The concept for floors and walls in ecological buildings are presented. Examples of ecological building systems are given and intelligent ecological buildings are described.
In the paper an outline of production method of building elements, made from synthetic gypsum is presented. The results from research on gypsum prove that this material received from desulphurizing combustion is a valuable ecological material. In the article the main properties of synthetic gypsum, with particular regard for its ecological purity, are presented.
In the paper the results of research work on shaping properties of gypsum-based materials, mainly for external walls, are presented. The test results demonstrate that synthetic gypsum, modified by admixtures and additives, is suitable for obtaining material which fulfils demands for homogenous external walls similar to cellular concerts as e.g. YTONG.
A method of accelerated ageing test of different external renderings is presented. For the description of durability two models have been proposed. One of this is based on the changes of weightloss and the other on the changes of strength. Both models can be used for prognosis of durability of external renderings.
In the paper a special research stand for durability and resistance of building materials and elements (walls, renderings) is presented. The apparatus works as a rotational chamber for accelerated ageing. Samples are instaled inside and then are subjected to such artificial climatic factors as: radiation, rain and low temperature, continouously and alternatively during 90 cycles. This method is used for estimation of material resistance. Additionaly, basing on this test, a durability of materials is predicted using two models: strength and weightloss.
In article described station for examining external walls to gain heat from solar radiation and his utilisation to room heating. Shortly described history of development similar stations in foreign research laboratories. Presented basic technical parameters of station and introduced investigation range which are possibly to realise on this station.
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