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Pojęcie postępowania egzekucyjnego w administracji a pojęcie egzekucji administracyjnej

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Klat-Wertelecka L.

tom IX

11-24

Execution proceeding and execution are two basic terms of the execution law. Administrative proceeding and administrative execution are terms with different notional ranges. An execution proceeding is a legally organized series of actions performed by an execution organ and other subjects, which are aimed at making real the concrete legal norm, established in the act that constitutes the basis for execution (warrant of execution), with application of legal means of enforcement. Execution means an application, by relevant execution organs, of means of state-sanctioned enforcement in order to fulfill the duty defined in the warrant of execution. Execution makes the executive stage in execution proceeding in administration. The notion “execution proceeding” points to the aspect of the law-suit character of applying the execution enforcement, whereas that of “administrative execution” – to its material aspect.

Wymuszanie wykonania obowiązków administracyjnoprawnych w wybranych krajach europejskich

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Klat-Wertelecka L.

tom 1

307-331

Obligations under administrative law comprise those injunctions that result from binding decisions of public administration bodies or directly from the provisions of administrative law. Such concepts as legal obligation, sanction and constraint remain inextricably linked. In order for administrative acts to be effective, they must contain sanctions. The structure of a sanction implies an alternative: if an obligation is fulfilled, there is no sanction; if there is a failure to fulfil the obligation — the sanction is applied. In various European countries the fulfilment of obligations under administrative law is guaranteed by various means (forms) of enforcement. These include enforcement sanction, penal sanction and administrative penalty. In the case of a failure to fulfil a specific administrative obligation, some forms of enforcement may be used simultaneously and parallel to each other. European countries use various means to enforce administrative obligations. We can distinguish two basic models: a legal system in which public administration bodies are authorised to use means of enforcement, and a legal system without the classic institution of administrative enforcement. The first group of countries in which public administration bodies use administrative enforcement include Poland, Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Spain. Countries with a mixed system of administrative sanctions, without a clear administrative enforcement include Russia and the United Kingdom.

Przesłanki dopuszczalności egzekucji administracyjnej

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Klat-Wertelecka L.

tom 100

177-191

Admissibility means a possibility to act in certain scope. Admissibility of administrative enforcement proceedings depends on the existence of specified legal premises. They show whether the proceedings are conducted by a competent public administration authority, against due entities and towards due subject matter. Administrative enforcement admissibility is specified by general and particular premises, positive and negative. The basic positive premise for the admissibility of enforcement way is: if administrative way is appropriate, then the court’s way is inadmissible. General circumstances include the existence of an act which contains an administrative-law (public-law) obligation, as grounds for enforcement and premises connected with enforcement proceedings. Premises determining a proper way of the course of proceedings also depend on a kind of enforcement, whether it is a pecuniary or non-pecuniary enforcement. Lack of admissible premises means inadmissibility of administrative enforcement.