The Dempster-Shafter Theory is well-known for its usefulness to express uncertain judgments of experts. This contribution shows how to apply the calculus to safety and reliability modelling, especially to expert judgement; Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis; Event Tree Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, and Reliability Centred Maintenance. Including a tutorial introduction to the Dempster-Shafer Theory, the differences between the Probability and the Dempster-Shafer Theory are discussed widely.
The basic concepts of safety engineering and functional safety frameworks are presented and discussed in this paper. The scope includes safety aspects, which are deeply rooted in philosophy e.g. the principles of causality, determinability, and randomness. Moreover, concepts are presented, which are subject of standardisation, engineering association activities, and aspects, practitioners struggling with in daily business, e.g. failure and fault; architecture and structure; redundancy and channels. The paper closes with a brief glance on engineering ethics.
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