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2 2020

2 Wilgan R.

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Występowanie i ekologiczne uwarunkowania podwójnej symbiozy mykoryzowej oraz jej potencjalne znaczenie w zmieniającym się klimacie

100%

Wilgan R.

Sylwan

2020

tom 164

nr 10

The distribution of trees depends on the climate, but mycorrhizal symbiosis shapes their distribution along the climatic gradient and the ability of trees to resistant the effects of climate change. Ectomycorrhiza is adapted to the cold climate so ectomycorrhizal trees predominate in boreal, mountain and temperate forests. Arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species are few in temperate forests but common in the dry and warm climate in tropical and subtropical zones. Some trees can enter dual mycorrhizal symbiosis, i.e. ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Both types of mycorrhizae benefit the plants, but each type is more adapted to the other environmental conditions. On the roots of dual mycorrhizal trees, the dominance of one mycorrhizal type over another is switching with the increasing value of environmental factors such as temperature of soil, moisture and nutrient availability. Thus dual mycorrhizal trees are more resistant to shift in habitat conditions including seasonal flooding and/or drought and inhabit ecosystems like floodplains, riparian forests and savanna. In general, dual mycorrhizal trees in compared with the single−type mycorrhizal trees are characterized by greater survival, growth, nutrient uptake and longitude range in both native and invasive range put together, so seems to be more resistant to climate changes. These adaptations are an asset for native trees, but on the other hand, the threat of alien tree species. The general proportion of plant species naturalized outside their native range is significantly higher for plants able to enter the dual mycorrhizal symbiosis than only one type. The similar patterns concerning the invasive tree species. Dual mycorrhizal tree species constitute about one−third of all the invasive tree species, but about twice as many among those, which are invasive in five or more of seven biogeographic regions of the world, including willow, poplar, eucalyptus and acacia species. Most of all, invasive tree species from subtropical and tropical zones, such as eucalyptus and black locust threaten European forests. These trees are well adapted to dry conditions so are less affected than European trees by drought, but their plantations caused the drop in groundwater level, intensify the effects of drought on native trees and reduce the efficiency of surrounding agricultural production. In the context of climate changes and the seasonal drought in Poland, expanding knowledge of interactions among microbial symbionts and tree species is necessary to a better assessment of the future benefits and risk involved in the use of each individual tree species.

Symbioza mykoryzowa obcych i inwazyjnych gatunków drzew

100%

Wilgan R.

Leśne Prace Badawcze

2020

tom 81

nr 1