Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Assessment of the impact of epidemic threats on airport processes

100%

Karpińska M.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2022

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tom z. 134

53--69

EN

Epidemics are one of the modern threats to civil aviation. In the first half of 2020, the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes COVID-19 disease) has thrown governments in many countries into a crisis of unprecedented proportions. The restrictions and limitations imposed on the movement of people, but also other effects of the outbreak, led to a significant decrease in air traffic and a crisis at airports. This paper contains an assessment of the impact of an epidemic emergency situation on airport operations, made from the point of view of international airports located in Poland. First of all, epidemic procedures at airports are briefly discussed based on the literature. Then, the author's diagram of the airport's operation processes was presented, and the critical and key processes were identified among them. In the next part of the paper, the identification of threats to the operations of the airport resulting from the epidemic threat was identified, based in particular on the Safety Information Bulletins issued by EASA in 2020 and the author's knowledge. These threats, through the BIA analysis, their impact on the previously indicated critical and key processes and on the safety and security level at the airport were determined. Conclusions resulting from the analysis, along with a proposal of directions for further activities in the scope of the discussed issues, were summarized at the end of the paper.

PL

Epidemie stanowią jedno ze współczesnych zagrożeń dla lotnictwa cywilnego. Wybuch w pierwszej połowie 2020 roku epidemii wirusa SARS-CoV-2, wywołującego chorobę COVID-19, postawił rządy wielu państw w sytuacji kryzysowej o nieznanej dotąd skali. Wprowadzane obostrzenia i ograniczenia w przemieszczaniu się osób oraz inne skutki stanu epidemii, przełożyły się na znaczny spadek liczby operacji lotniczych, a także wywołały sytuację kryzysową w portach lotniczych. Niniejsze opracowanie zawiera ocenę wpływu sytuacji zagrożenia epidemicznego na działalność portu lotniczego, wykonaną w kontekście międzynarodowych portów lotniczych, znajdujących się na terenie Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. W pierwszej kolejności, w oparciu o literaturę przedmiotu, dokonano krótkiego omówienia procedur epidemicznych w portach lotniczych. Następnie przedstawiono autorskie zestawienie procesów działalności portu lotniczego oraz wskazano wśród nich procesy krytyczne oraz kluczowe. W dalszej części pracy dokonano identyfikacji zagrożeń dla działalności portu lotniczego, wynikających z wystąpienia stanu zagrożenia epidemicznego, w oparciu o publikacje wydane przez EASA oraz wiedzę własną. W odniesieniu do tych zagrożeń – poprzez analizę BIA – określono ich wpływ na wskazane wcześniej procesy krytyczne i kluczowe oraz bezpieczeństwo i ochronę w porcie lotniczym. Wnioski wynikające z przeprowadzonych analiz, wraz z propozycją kierunków dalszych działań w zakresie omawianej problematyki, zostały przedstawione w ramach podsumowania na końcu opracowania.

2

The Effect of Humidity and Dopants on the Detection of TNT Vapor by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry (DMS)

51%

Karpińska M. , Pawłowski W. , Zalewska A.

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tom Vol. 21, no. 3

298--319

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an external factor, i.e. humidity, on the detectability of TNT vapor by Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry (DMS). The values of TNT signal amplitude and asymmetric voltage were measured as a function of relative air humidity. The influence of the use of a semi-permeable membrane and the additive agent - dopant (nicotine and dichloromethane) on the detection under varying air humidity conditions was also investigated. The analysis of the obtained results confirms that the introduction of dopant to the analyzed stream contributes to the change of TNT detection parameters. The DMS detector allows you to observe the signal in two polarizations (positive and negative), which is an advantage compared to the competitive FAIMS method. It was observed that water vapor content above 30% causes the formation of two analytical signals for TNT. This, in turn, may improve the identification process. The addition of nicotine and dichloromethane reduces the amplitude of the air signal, which has a beneficial effect on TNT detection.

3

Persistance of TNT Traces in the Presence of Compounds from Battery Cells

51%

Pawłowski W. , Karpińska M. , Razarenkow-Pawłowska K.

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2020

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tom Vol. 17, no. 2

280--295

EN

Nowadays, laboratory forensic examinations are based on elaborated and verified protocols, allowing for quite precise identification of the type of explosive used in post blast residues. Non-degraded explosives persist in trace quantities mainly on the broken components of explosive devices. Due to this, special care must be taken in order to prevent destruction of minute quantities of explosive material during examination. Apparently quite a big problem is caused by components of electrical cells being the source of reactive chemical compounds that affect the level of identified traces of explosives. The present paper describes the influence of substances present in alkaline batteries cells and Leclanché cells on the decomposition of trace amounts of TNT. Reaction of TNT with battery components was conducted in solution at room as well as the temperature of boiling methanol. Quantitative analysis of the decrease in TNT levels in methanol extracts was carried out by means of GC/MS.