The author compares the priorities of education in primary school (early school education) in Denmark and Poland in the light of the curriculum objectives. She presents selected elements of learning organization, focusing on such elements as school starting age, the duration of primary education, the teacher’s role, class size, space organization, assessment, curriculum, textbooks, work organization and attitudes toward the importance of education. At the same time she depicts the differences between Poland and Denmark. Then she analyses curriculum documents, pointing out the differences in the educational priorities. After the analysis she shows that the differences are in the way of understanding development and pupil activity, as well as approaches to learning outcomes and work organization.