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EN
The description of original technical decision of using heat pump for heating part of administrating building is described. The hydraulic connection scheme has been developed and selection of heat devices was made for it. The energy efficiency for using heat pump in heating season is analyzed. Based on the obtained experimental data, the coefficient of performance of the heat pump was calculated for the above mode of operation of the heat supply system. With such indicators, a significant saving of thermal energy is achieved in comparison with the use of a centralized heat supply system.
EN
The temperature-stress state of the concrete facade wall with a window opening, which is the external enclosing structure of the room with a steel heating device, was investigated by the method of numerical modeling. Estimated studies were performed for winter period when the heating system of the building is functioning. According to the results of solving the system of equations of thermal stress and equation of thermal conductivity, the temperature distribution over the wall volume and distribution of normal and tangential stresses were determined. Areas of the wall where these stresses are maximum were identified. The research was performed for cases of both, absence and presence of a heat-insulating layer on the outer surface of the facade wall. From comparison of the results obtained for these two options, it follows that the external thermal insulation coating not only helps to reduce dissipative heat loss through the facade wall, but also reduces the absolute values of stresses in the concrete wall arising resulting from temperature deformations. In some cases, the sign of stresses changes from stretching (wall without external insulation) to compressive (wall with insulation).
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Content available remote Features of complex assessment of energy conservation measures in buildings
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The paper is devoted to the complex assessment of the feasibility of energy conservation measures for buildings with the help of financial and technical indicators. The considered dynamic methods of estimation of aforementioned measures for energy efficiency increase in buildings allow to receive more exact financial indicators during a life cycle of the building. It is determined that the use of technical factors in addition to the financial indicators allow to define the optimal energy conservation measures. By optimal measures authors mean those that are most feasible and give higher technical effect in the achievement of appropriate comfort level in buildings after their renovation. An algorithm for assessing the feasibility of implementing the measures to improve energy efficiency in buildings is proposed. This algorithm is based on the use of graphical models of the complex representation of technical and economic indicators. Its use helps the procedure of the analyses before the implementation of energy conservation measures.
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Content available Thermomechanical Homogenization in Steam Explosion
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EN
A steam explosion results from intense heat transfer when a thermolabile liquid phase comes into contact with a hot liquid. As a result of such contact, microdispersed fragmentation of a high-boiling liquid occurs. A mathematical model is proposed to describe the thermomechanical crushing process, considering the formation of a vapour layer at the interface between two phases and the force interaction concerning several simultaneously boiling particles of the dispersed phase.
EN
Rising global temperatures have exacerbated the problems of adaptation to climate change in various sectors of the economy, including municipal energy. Therefore, the task is to develop measures and mechanisms, the implementation of which will guarantee cost-effective comfortable and reliable heat and cold supply of buildings and structures in climate change. Experimental studies of heat transfer and monitoring of thermal regimes in enclosing structures and building elements were conducted with the development of innovative engineering systems for energy supply of a passive house of the "zero-energy" type. Experimental developments of innovative energy-efficient greenhouse gas-reducing technologies and equipment for energy supply systems of buildings have been performed and their architectural and construction solutions for adaptation to climate change have been optimized. In order to expand and deepen the theory and practice of improving the energy efficiency of buildings in the near future, the scientific priority and subject of basic and applied research have been identified. Developed adaptive to climate change innovative, energy efficient technologies and equipment of engineering systems of energy supply of buildings with the use of renewable energy sources can be used in the practice of energy supply of housing and communal services.
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The article provides an experimental analysis of the behavior and changes in thermophysical properties of the thermal insulation systems most commonly used in construction during the entire life of the buildings. Experimental data on temperature fluctuations and distribution of heat flow density of a thermally modernized section of a wall-enclosing structure insulated by various methods for 6 years were obtained and the values of the actual coefficients of thermal conductivity of various heat-insulating materials were compared in the first approximation. The need to assess the influence of the service life on the thermophysical properties of heat-insulating materials used in the thermal modernization of buildings of various purposes is experimentally substantiated.
EN
The intensity of heat exchange between the boiling emulsion and the enclosing surfaces is associated with the physical phenomena of the formation, growth, and destruction of vapour bubbles of the low-boiling component in the liquid phase. This article presents a methodology to assess the intensity of heat exchange processes. Using this technique, it is possible to predict the energy parameters of heat exchange equipment and the degree of intensification of heat transfer processes.
EN
This article presents a study of the aerodynamic characteristics of a small H-Darrieus wind turbine to optimise its design. The article proposes correlations between the blades' geometric and aerodynamic characteristics, optimising the blades' profile and their dimensions for various values of wind speed, aerodynamic forces, and rotational moments. The data obtained can be helpful in the design and study of low-power wind turbines operating at low wind speeds with variable directions.
EN
In order to further increase the energy efficiency of the experimental building, field experiments were conducted to maintain the proper thermal regime of its premises when using a heat pump heating system. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the operating parameters of the heat pump heat supply system of an energy-efficient building of the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The given analysis of the energy efficiency of the operation of the "soil-water" type heat pump in the nominal mode with the maximum load showed a high value of the energy conversion coefficient.
EN
Low-emissivity coatings on glass surfaces, inert gas instead of air between glasses, and double-glazed windows are usually used to reduce heat loss from a room through windows. This effect can also be achieved by installing two double-chamber windows in one window opening at a certain distance from each other. This work uses numerical modelling to study the characteristics of heat transfer through a system of two two-chamber windows. The distributions of temperature and airflow velocity due to natural convection in the chambers of double-chamber windows and the space between the windows are analyzed. The distributions of temperatures and heat fluxes over the surfaces of windows are determined depending on the distance between the windows. The dependences on the distance between the windows of radiation, convective, and total heat flow through a system of two double-chamber windows are studied. It is shown that two double-chamber windows located at a certain distance from each other make it possible to increase the heat transfer resistance compared to one two-chamber window without a low-emission coating by 2.6...2.8 times. As the distance between windows increases, a given system's overall heat transfer resistance increases. However, this increase becomes insignificant if this distance is greater than 80 mm.
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