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2003
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tom 48
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nr 1
EN
The earliest Cambrian Meishucunian phosphoritic succession in eastern Yunnan,China,contains well−preserved molluscan shells that offer insights into the early evolution of skeletonization. Phosphate internal moulds,phosphate replaced originally carbonate shells,and phosphate coatings show lamello−fibrillar structure,prismatic structure,and regularly foliated structure. The lamello−fibrillar structure appears earlier in the fossil record than laminar structures such as nacreous or foliated structures. It has been identified in fossil mollusks,which occur in China as early as the lower phosphate layer of the Zhongyicun Member of the Meishucunian. Therefore,the lamello−fibrillar structure appears to be primitive in mollusks. The lamello−fibrillar and prismatic aragonite is the most common shell material of molluscan skeletons in the Early Cambrian Meishucunian and equivalents around the world. Although the early molluscan microstructure is not so diverse as that of extant mollusks,it may be of use in high rank taxonomic classification as shown by the early conchiferan mollusks discussed here. These mollusks are characterized by the horizontal fibrillae that are layered and parallel,and thereby differ from hyoliths,in which the horizontal fibrillae appear to be in the form of the bundles of fibres that can branch or anastomose.
3
71%
EN
Co-pyrolysis characteristics of sludge with coal and sludge briquetted with coal were studied by the TG-FTIR method. From TG data, weight loss of sludge briquetted was higher than that of sludge and sludge and coal which means that thermal reaction effect of sludge briquetted is better than those of other two materials. Gas products of pyrolysis were CO, CO2, H2O, alcohol, ketone, acid, hydrocarbon, amine and azine from the FTIR analysis. At last, evolving patterns of the pyrolyses and the yields of their gas products have been recorded, providing extremely important data on the mechanism of the process.
4
61%
PL
Pojedyncze dwucząsteczkowe asocjaty oligoamidu opartego na naftalenie, zawierające wzajemnie niekomplementarne sekwencje wiązań wodorowych przekształcano w organożele w procesach samoorganizacji zarówno w rozpuszczalniku niepolarnym (chlorobenzen), jak i polarnym (metanol), czego nie dało się osiągnąć w przypadku asocjatów oligoamidów opartych na benzenie, zawierających komplementarne (dopasowane) sekwencje wiązań wodorowych. Metodą skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej wykazano, że samoorganizujące się struktury były splątanymi sieciami o rozmiarach nanometrycznych.
EN
Single naphthalene-based oligoamide strands were arrayed in a non-complementary sequence self-assembling into organogels in either non-polar solvent (PhCl) or polar solvent (MeOH), what was otherwise impossible with the PhH-based oligoamide strands with complementary H-bonding sequences (R.K. Cao et al., 2010). The selfassembled structures of the compds. revealed nano-sized entangled networks when examd. by scanning electron microscopy.
EN
Background: Hypoxia plays a critical role in many cancers. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an important mediator of the hypoxia response. It regulates the expression of various chemokines involved in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis but the associated pathway needs further investigation. Methods: The expression level of HIF-1α was determined in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The correlation of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and HIF-1α was assessed by knocking down HIF-1α. These cells were also used to assess its influence on HCC cell migration and invasion was checked. Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB, was used to confirm the associated signaling pathway. Results: HIF-1α was significantly expressed in HCC cells and found to promote HCC cell migration and invasion in an IL-8-dependent manner. NF-κB was confirmed to be involved in the process. Conclusions: HIF-1α promotes HCC cell migration and invasion by modulating IL-8 via the NF-κB pathway.
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