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Zagrozenie dla zdrowia ludzi wynikajace z obecnosci oocyst Cryptosporidium w wodzie w swietle przepisow prawa

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Toczylowska B.

tom 53

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Interaction between indocyanine green and gadobutrol in cerebellar granule neurons cultures

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Zieminska E. , Toczylowska B. , Goch G. , Liebert S.

nr Suppl.1

In experiments we used indocyanine green (ICG), and gadobutrol (Gad) contrast dyes. There is no information about parallel application of ICG and Gad, therefore we decided to study their toxicity using primary cerebellar granule cells culture (CGC). The aim of study was to assess the minimal ICG concentration which evokes neurotoxicity. 30 min exposition to 75 and 125 μM ICG resulted in neurotoxicity. We observed imbalance in calcium homeostasis (extra- and intracellular) after addition of ICG, which can be one of the mechanisms of ICG neurotoxicity. We measured absorbance and NMR spectra for 25–125 µM ICG concentrations in three solvents. Gad contrast media mixed with ICG were also measured and neurotoxicity of this mixture was examined. The shape of absorption and NMR spectra show differences between water, water with 2.3 mM Ca2+ and Locke25 for all analyzed ICG concentrations. Other possible mechanism of ICG neurotoxicity can be dose dependent oligomerization of ICG. We did not observe any toxic effect of Gad on CGC. Protective effect on surviving neurons after treatment of ICG, dependent on Gad dose and sequence of its administration (before > simultaneously > after addition of ICG) was observed. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon remains not clear. Supported by grant 2011/03/B/ST7/02576.

Glutamate, glutamine and GABA levels in the rat hippocampus in the pharmacological models of autism: a microdialysis study

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Diamandakis D. , Zieminska E. , Hilgier W. , Filipkowski R. K. , Polowy R. , Toczylowska B. , Lazarewicz J. W.

nr Suppl.1

INTRODUCTION: The disorders of the glutamatergic neurotransmission have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autism, but data on brain content of glutamate (Glu) in patients and animal models are inconsistent. AIM(S): Aim of this study is to evaluate changes in the brain content of Glu, glutamine (Gln) and GABA in the rat models of pharmacologically-induced autism. METHOD(S): The rat females at the 11th day of gestation were given orally 800 mg/kg b.w. of valproic acid (VPA) or 500 mg/kg b.w. of thalidomide (THAL). The pups at PND 9 were submitted to ultrasonic vocalization (USV) test, and at PND 30, under anesthesia, to in vivo unilateral microdi alysis of the hippocampus with a calcium-containing medium. The samples of dialysate representing the basal level followed by a 40 min pulse of 100 mM KCl were collected. The contralateral hippocampi were prepared and homogenized. After derivatization of the amino acids with o-phtalaldehyde, the samples were submitted to HPLC analysis with a fluorescence detection. RESULTS: The results of USV tests showed that the pups prenatally treated with VPA, and to a greater extent with THAL, less frequently produced USV calls, which is regarded as impairment in social communication, a symptom characteristic of autism. In the male rats of the VPA and THAL groups, a total content of Glu increased to 143% and 158%, respectively, and also Gln and GABA contents were significantly elevated. All these values remained unchanged in the female rats. Basal levels of Glu, Gln and GABA in the dialysates of the hippocampi in the experimental groups did not differ from controls, however in VPA‑treated male rats during application of 100 mM KCl a reduction by 59% of Gln concentration and tendency to increase GABA level were found. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate increased content of glutamate in the hippocampus of rats in two chemical models of autism, support a hypothesis on the role of the glutamatergic disturbances in the pathogenesis of autism. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: This study was supported by the Polish National Science Centre, grant no. 2014/15/B/ NZ4/04490.