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1
Content available remote Immunotherapy with interleukin-2: a study based on mathematical modeling
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EN
The role of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in tumor dynamics is illustrated through mathematical modeling, using delay differential equations with a discrete time delay (a modified version of the Kirshner-Panetta model). Theoretical analysis gives an expression for the discrete time delay and the length of the time delay to preserve stability. Numerical analysis shows that interleukin-2 alone can cause the tumor cell population to regress.
EN
We present here linear, area and volume measures of substructures within structures, displayed as surface and volume rendered images, as well as individual two dimensional cross sections for purposes of quantitative assessment and show how these measures can provide biological markers for studying the extent of a disease, using an example from medical imaging.
4
Content available remote Removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solutions using fly ash and montmorillonite
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EN
Adsorption of toxic metal ions like Ni(II) on heat treated montmorillonite, fly ash and impregnated fly ash was studied in terms of different parameters like initial metal ion concentrations, pH and temperature. Impregnated fly ash (IFAA1) showed much higher levels of adsorption capacity as compared to fly ash and heat-treated montmorillonite. The various rate parameters of the adsorption process have also been determined. Equilibrium adsorption model was arrived, based on Langmuir isotherm and the corresponding constants have been evaluated. Thermodynamic studies have also been carried out and values of standard free energy (AG°), enthalpy (AH°) and entropy (AS°) were calculated. The adsorption was found to be exothermic by these studies.
EN
Shape analyses of anatomical structures / Regions of Interest (ROI) in medical images is important for the detailed study and objective assessment of the various properties of such structures. In addition, shape analyses of equivalent anatomical structures from different modalities provide complementary information about the ROI. In this paper we propose an image processing system that performs registration and shape alnalyses of segmented images of such structures obtained from the two modalities, x-ray Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging using a knowledge based approach to identify these structures.
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Content available remote Detection of hard exudates using mean shift and normalized cut method
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tom Vol. 36, no. 4
679--685
EN
As diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of loss of vision among diabetic patients, an early detection using automated detection techniques can prevent blindness among diabetic patients. Hard exudates constitute one of the early symptoms of DR and this paper describes a method for its detection using fundus images of retina, employing a combination of morphological operations, mean shift (MS), normalized cut (NC) and Canny's operation. This combined technique avoids over segmentation and at the same time reduces the time complexity while clearly delineating the exudates. Output of the proposed method is evaluated using public databases and produces sensitivity, specificity and accuracy as 98.80%, 98.25% and 98.65%, respectively. The ROC curve gives 0.984 as area under curve. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and area under curve of ROC indicate the effectiveness of the method.
EN
Detailed analyses of the chromosome meiotic behaviour and of mitotic metaphase chromosomes (2n = 32), as well as stainability studies of pollen fertility, were carried out in order to determine the cytological status of amphidiploid Trifolium repens L. (Dutch white clover). In amphidiploid (allotetraploid) Trifolium repens L., diploid-like meiotic behaviour of chromosomes was found, with no multivalent formation, and a normal karyotype with a single pair of chromosome having a secondary constriction was observed. These characteristics indicate favourable genetic and cytological stability in nature, and high pollen fertility further enhances its usefulness in breeding.
EN
Vasicine, isolated from the shrub Adhatoda vasica, is a well-known pyrroloquinazoline alkaloidal compound which has been used for the treatment of various diseases and disorders, mostly for the respiratorytract ailments. To counter the present low content in leaves and uneconomical chemical synthesis, alternate ways to produce vasicine have been required; but vasicine remains subtle in cell cultures of A. vasica despite the wide studies undertaken. This work reports the successful approach for production of vasicine by cell cultures of A. vasica. High and fast-growing leaf-derived cell culture was established from A. vasica. In the present study, elicitation as the yield enhancement strategy was developed by the addition of selected elicitor like methyl jasmonate (MeJ), chitosan, yeast extract, ascorbic acid, and sodium salicylate at optimized concentrations. This resulted in 0.45 and 0.39% (on dry weight basis) vasicine, which was 3.7 and 3.2-fold higher yield over the control cultures (0.121%) with 20 µM MeJ and 50 mg l⁻¹ yeast extract treatment, respectively.
EN
Evidence of changes in weather parameters like ambient temperature, precipitation, wind flow, etc., are prominently visible across the world. These changes have been reported to effect global crop yield. This review compiles both direct and indirect effects of climate change on global crop productivity with highlights on existing local and global scenarios. As a conclusion, it may be stated that thorough understanding of agricultural techniques and analysis of global change factors is highly essential for achieving sustainable agricultural yield over the upcoming years.
EN
Amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx:H) films were deposited at 300 °C by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. Silane/ammonia (SiH4/NH3) and silane/nitrogen (SiH4/N2) gas compositions were used at various flow rates to study the effect of hydrogen passivation of the films using the photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to derive the relative changes in the total bonded hydrogen (TBH) concentration with increasing flow rates. The composition and the refractive indices of the as-deposited films were also extracted using the bond density calculations from FTIR spectra. The calculated refractive indices of the silicon nitride films were consistent with the ellipsometry measurements. The PL spectra were observed to be free from any interference effect and this was attributed to the nitrogen related defects in all the a-SiNx:H films. The films deposited using SiH4/NH3 showed a higher PL intensity than those deposited in a SiH4/N2 environment. A direct relation between the PL intensity and TBH content of the films was found.
EN
A group of polycyclic and aliphatic azido-esters (as energetic plasticizers) have been synthesized by simple synthetic routes and their molecular structures were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. In addition, their thermal and rheological properties have been determined utilizing DSC, TGA, viscosity, and contact angle. Computational studies of these plasticizers have been performed by means of DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) to estimate possible stable structures, energies, heat of formation, bond dissociation energies, IR and NMR spectra etc. Their compatibility with glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) binder was studied to explore their applicability in propellants. All of these molecules are novel and have been synthesized with the possibility of scale up.
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