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2004
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tom 51
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nr 3
259-275
EN
Development of scientific and technical knowledge has become the prime growth factor behind modern economies. A big part in economic development is therefore played by universities, as institutions expanding and disseminating such knowledge. There is an extensive literature underlining the key role of local universities in establishing areas, such as Silicon Valley, Boston's 128th Street or the environs of Cambridge, UK, which remain the most important concentrations of peak technology. The paper's account of the wide international literature on this subject seeks to shed light on whether the economic effect of these university knowledge transfers can be replicated, or whether they were one-off occurrences. The nature of the spatial dissemination of knowledge has a decisive bearing on this. The literature can be divided into two schools, concentrating on location choice and direct knowledge-transfer researches respectively.
EN
We propose linear parameter-varying (LPV) model-based approaches to the synthesis of robust fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) systems for loss of efficiency (LOE) faults of flight actuators. The proposed methods are applicable to several types of parametric (or multiplicative) LOE faults such as actuator disconnection, surface damage, actuator power loss or stall loads. For the detection of these parametric faults, advanced LPV-model detection techniques are proposed, which implicitly provide fault identification information. Fast detection of intermittent stall loads (seen as nuisances, rather than faults) is important in enhancing the performance of various fault detection schemes dealing with large input signals. For this case, a dedicated fast identification algorithm is devised. The developed FDD systems are tested on a nonlinear actuator model which is implemented in a full nonlinear aircraft simulation model. This enables the validation of the FDD system’s detection and identification characteristics under realistic conditions.
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tom Vol. 35, no. 6
957-972
EN
For a wide class of linear functional equations the solutions are generalized polynomials. The existence of non-trivial monomial terms of the solution strongly depends on the algebraic properties of some related families of parameters. As a continuation of the previous work [A. Varga, Cs. Vincze, G. Kiss, Algebraic methods for the solution of linear functional equations, Acta Math. Hungar.] we are going to present constructive algebraic methods of the solution in some special cases. Explicit examples will be also given.
EN
The first records of Oxychilus hydatinus (Rossmässler, 1838) from Slovakia are reported. The material was identified based on a detailed comparative study of shell morphology and internal structure of penis. The Slovak sites represent the northernmost occurrence of this species.
EN
Characteristic features of European woodland include both a reduction in natural forest areas and an increase in former agricultural areas occupied by secondary woodland. The management of these areas is challenging in terms of nature conservation, agricultural and forestry management and policy. The aim of our study was to reconstruct the history and to document the current tree stand structure for a secondary oak-beech woodland in Hungary. Towards the end of the 1800s, this area which was once almost completely occupied by a continuous forest, had been transformed into a wood-pasture. As a result of its gradual abandonment, the closed forest stand of the pasture increased from 10 to 52% between 1963 and 2005. The most characteristic feature of this woodland is the abundance of large trees. Globally, the number of large and ancient trees is rapidly diminishing. Therefore preserving and maintaining such areas, where large trees could live, is an essential management task.
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