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EN
This study presents and discusses the result of research on the chemical composition of bottom sediments of throughflow lakes located in Drawieński National Park. Basic hydrochemical indicators of the studied sediments are discussed: total organic carbon (Corg), total nitrogen (Ntot), and the C_org/N_tot ratio, which shows the rate of organic matter mineralization. The research and the analysis of the results show that the quality of the studied sediments changed with their distribution in the lake basin. The highest C_org and N_tot values were noted in sediments accumulated in the maximum depth of each lake, and at the inflow and outflow from the first lake in the whole cascade of throughflow lakes. Low C_org/N_tot ratios indicate that most of the sedimentary organic matter in the throughflow lakes comes from aquatic organism production, but the small participation of land-plant organic matter delivered to the lakes is also shown.
EN
In Poland there are 163 lakes (a major percentage in Western Pomerania) which thanks to its specific physical and chemical properties and unique vegetation are termed lobelian lakes. These are mostly small reservoirs without any tributaries which due to poor and small watersheds have retained the status of oligotrophic lakes. Vegetation occurring there includes boreal and Atlantic relicts, classified as rare and protected species, e.g. Lobelia dortmanna, Isoetes lacustris and Litorella uniflora. These species have special habitat and nutrition requirements and they grow only in lakes with the low calcium content. The article provides characteristics of these unique ecosystems.
PL
W Polsce znajdują się 163 jeziora — zdecydowana ich większość leży na Pomorzu Zachodnim — które ze wzlędu na specyfikę fizyczno-chemiczną wód oraz charakter roślinności noszą nazwę jezior lobeliowych. Są to w większości małe, bezodpływowe zbiorniki, które ze względu na ubogą i niewielką zlewnię zachowały status jezior oligotroficznych. Występują w nich roślinne relikty borealno-atlantyckie, zaliczone do kategorii roślin rzadkich i chronionych, takich jak Lobelia dortmanna, Isoetes lacustris i Litorella uniflora. Gatunki te mają szczególne wymagania siedliskowo-pokarmowe i mogą rosnąć tylko w jeziorach o niskiej zawartości wapnia. Artykuł zawiera charakterystykę tych unikatowych ekosystemów.
7
Content available remote Meromictic Lake Czarne in the Drawieński National Park
51%
EN
The results of long-term research confirm that Lake Czarne in the Drawieński National Park is meromictic due to natural factors, not human influence. The lake is located in a large natural basin, so the tall forest stands covering the steep slopes surrounding the lake protect it from strong winds. Its small surface area and relatively large mean and maximum depth also limit the possibilities of water mixing in the lake.
EN
The paper presents the occurrence of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in bottom sediments of selected Lobelia lakes which are specific and unique aquatic reservoirs. The lake sediments were sampled in summer stagnation in the surface layer at two stands in each lake: in littoral zone and in profundal zone at maximum depth of the lake. Results of the investigations show that Zn, Cu and Mn contents in the investigated bottom sediments were low and ranged within geochemical background limits or slightly exceeded them. Presence of the metals in the sediments was spatially differential. Zn, Cu and Mn contents were significantly higher in most cases in the profundal zone of each investigated lake than they were in the litoral zone. Another factor which significantly differs the heavy metals content was level of thermal stratification.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono występowanie cynku, miedzi i manganu w osadach dennych wybranych jezior lobeliowych, stanowiących specyficzną grupę jezior. Osady jezior pobierano w okresie stagnacji letniej z warstwy powierzchniowej, z dwóch miejsc: strefy brzegowej i w miejscu maksymalnej głębokości zbiornika. Wyniki badań zawartości cynku, miedzi i manganu w osadach badanych jezior wskazują, że stężenia tych pierwiastków były niskie i mieściły się w granicach tła geochemicznego lub nieznacznie je przekraczały. Obecność analizowanych metali w osadach była zróżnicowana przestrzennie. W większości przypadków zawartość cynku, miedzi i manganu była istotnie większa w osadach deponowanych w miejscu maksymalnej głębokości każdego jeziora w porównaniu z zawartością tych metali w osadach strefy litoralu. Czynnikiem, który istotnie różnicował zawartość analizowanych metali, była wykształcona w pełni stratyfikacja termiczna wód lub jej brak.
EN
Lake Modre is a lobelia lake. Numerous typical plant species occur here, including Lobelia dortmanna, Littorella uniflora, Isoetes lacustris, and Sphagnum denticulatum. They develop the following associations: Lobelietum dortmannae (Oswald 1923) Tx. ap. Dierss. 1972, Isoetetum lacustris Szańkowski et Kłosowski 1996 n.n., and a community with Sphagnum denticulatum Brid. In 1991, the water of the lake was characterised by low concentrations of nutrients and calcium, acid reaction (pH<5), and Secchi depth visibility of 12 m. Following fry stocking in the lake in 1993 fish farming took place until approximately 1996. During this period the water quality in the lake changed radically in physiochemical terms. Water transparency decreased. Thermal and oxygen stratification developed, with oxygen deficits in the near-bottom layer. Concentrations of nutrient elements increased. Drastic long-term changes were observed in the spatial and quantitative features of the lake vegetation. These particularly related to the instability of Lobelia dortmanna, and the diminishment of the phytocoenosis of Lobelietum dortmannae. Consequently, the phytocoenosis occurred only in the shallowest part of the phytolittoral. L. uniflora expanded, increasing its occurrence annually. Significant fluctuations in quantities of S. denticulatum occurred, correlated with changes in physiochemical water parameters, but shifted in time.
EN
The two pondweed taxa, new for the Polish flora, were found in the Drawa River in the Drawieński National Park (north-western Poland). Patches of P. x sparganiifolius started about 400 m below the mouth of the left-bank tributary, the Korytnica River, and ended about 5.5 km further downstream. The population colonized mainly a sandy substrate with varied particle size, moderately deep water, and moderate water flow rate. The patches were very dense and composed nearly exclusively of P. x sparganiifolius. They occurred mainly in the main current of the Drawa, and were up to several dozen metres long. By contrast, P. x nericius was found only in a small creek with stagnant water, at the edge of a patch dominated by P. x sparganiifolius, on a substrate composed of mud and sand, at the depth of 40-60 cm.
EN
The paper provides morphometric, physicochemical and vegetation structure of the 16 lakes in Drawieński National Park (DNP). These lakes showed considerable differentiation according to their morphometrical and physico-chemical variables. There are distinguished 4 groups of lakes: (1) throughflow lakes; (2) small, eutrophic non-throughflow lakes; (3) dystrophic lakes with humic water bodies; and (4) mesotrophic lakes. A dependence of the structure of the predominant vegetation types on morphometrical and physico-chemical variables was tested. Results of study of vegetation structure proves the initial classification of the lakes into several groups on the basis of environmental variables. The most important type of vegetation of throughflow lakes are helophytes and nymphaeids. The phytolitoral of eutrophic non-throughflow lakes is scanty. The vegetation of dystrophic lakes is dominated by species with floating leaves and mosses. The common vegetation of mesotrophic lakes is dominated by Chara species and elodeids.
EN
The use of simple GIS and GPS techniques as tools supporting field data collection in the process of macrophyte-based assessment and classification of the ecological status of lakes is described in the paper. The ecological status of Lake Długie was determined with traditional water quality evaluation methods, including the “anchor” or “diving and GIS” method. Obtained results show simple GIS techniques for registering submerged plant communities supplemented with terrain investigations involving scuba diving, producing more accurate data than those acquired with traditional methods.
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