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EN
The level of polymorphism, genetic variability and relatedness of the Antarctic hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica Desv. populations from South Shetlands Is. (King George I., Penguin I., Livingstone I.), from vicinity of Antarctic Peninsula (Galindez I., Uruguay I.), and Falklands Is. (Jason Is., Sealion I.) were studied using the AFLP approach. Six EcoRI/MseI type selective primer pairs combinations were used for AFLP profiling and amplified scoreable DNA fragments; than AMOVA and PCA were performed. The level of molecular variability among all individuals from all the analysed populations was low and reach only 5.4 % irrespective of the distance between the localities and it was not significant at a broader geographical scale, even among the three groups of populations (South Shetlands Is., vicinity of Antarctic Peninsula, and Falklands Is.). PCA analysis shows that all populations formed uniform groups according to their locations.
PL
Celem pracy była analiza zmian zachodzących na poziomie DNA w wyniku procesu długiego przechowywania ziarniaków żyta i ich późniejszej regeneracji w warunkach polowych w oparciu o markery typu RAPD. W tym celu przeanalizowano trzy populacje żyta 'Dańkowskie Złote', różniące się okresem przechowywania i liczbą cykli kolejnych regeneracji. Izolację DNA z 75 żywych ziarniaków z każdej serii przeprowadzono przy użyciu techniki SDS. Reakcję PCR (Łańcuchowa reakcja polimerazy) prowadzono kolejno w obecności jednego z 5-ciu 10-nukleotydowych starterów. Mieszaninę reakcyjną rozdzielano elektroforetycznie na żelu agarozowym. Uzyskano łącznie dla wszystkich populacji 110 markerów RAPD. Zaobserwowano istotne statystycznie różnice w częstotliwości 50 z nich. Te różnice mogą świadczyć o zmianach w strukturze genetycznej populacji, będących efektem długotrwałego przechowywania i regeneracji ziarniaków.
EN
The aim of studies was to analyse the genetic changes in rye seeds induced by natural ageing during long-term storage in a seed bank and after regeneration in field conditions, by means of RAPD markers. In our experiment, the seeds of three populations of different age and two different reproduction cycles of Dańkowskie Złote rye were used. Genomic DNAs were isolated from 75 seeds of each sample. The polymerase chain reaction was accomplished by means of five primers which were ten nucleotides long each. One hundred and ten RAPD markers were shared among the series. Changes in the frequency of fifty markers were statistically significant among the populations. These changes could be attributed to genetic changes related to long-term storage and regeneration of seeds.
EN
Introducing indigenous plants into cultivation and breeding programs in order to obtain new taxa can create the undesirable effects and pose a real threat to natural populations. The main problem of our study was to assess whether the phenotypic characters might allow distinguishing cultivated Convallaria majalis from plants occurring in natural habitats. The range of phenotype variability of Convallaria majalis L. shoots from forests and gardens growing in different edaphic factors was studied in 2005-2006 in north (Gdańsk), central (Warsaw) and south (Cracow) regions of Poland. Ten or eleven forest locations and the same number of garden locations were designated in each region. The soil at the forest sites was poorer in phosphorus and calcium and more acidic than at the garden sites from which the cultivated plants were obtained. Thirty flowering shoots were collected from each study site. The numbers as well as size of flowers, size of racemes and leaves were investigated. The following hypotheses were formulated: (a) due to conscious and unconscious selection, cultivated plants should have more numerous and larger flowers and a longer inflorescence (these characters are most significant for the ornamental appearance of the plant) than plants growing in forests; (b) cultivated plants exhibit less phenotype variability than do natural populations. The forest plants from all the three regions together had, in comparison with garden plants, significantly shorter racemes with fewer flowers, a narrower and shorter perianth, and a longer lower leaf with a narrower and longer leaf blade. In the forest plants raceme length exhibited the highest variability while the lowest was noted in perianth length. More morphological differences were noted between the forest and garden plants than among those from the three different regions. The results obtained indicate that the level of variability in the studied characters was similar in forest and cultivated plants. A high level of variability in some morphological characters of lily of the valley probably stems from the high phenotype plasticity of this plant and the diversified biotope conditions in which it occurs. The significant differences between forest and garden plants could have been related to differences in habitat conditions.
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