Due to the high exploration cost, limited number of wells for source rocks drilling and scarce test samples for the Total Organic Carbon Content (TOC) in the Huizhou sag, the TOC prediction of source rocks in this area and the assessment of resource potentials of the basin are faced with great challenges. In the study of TOC prediction, predecessors usually adopted the logging assessment method, since the data is only confined to a “point” and the regional prediction of the source bed in the seismic profile largely depends on the recognition of seismic facies, making it difficult to quantify TOC. In this study, we combined source rock geological characteristics, logging and seismic response and built the mathematical relation between quasi TOC curve and seismic data based on the TOC logging date of a single well and its internal seismic attribute. The result suggested that it was not purely a linear relationship that was adhered to by predecessors, but was shown as a complicated non-linear relationship. Therefore, the neural network algorithm and SVMs were introduced to obtain the optimum relationship between the quasi TOC curve and the seismic attribute. Then the goal of TOC prediction can be realized with the method of seismic inversion.
This paper presents a hydrodynamic lubrication theory for journal bearings lubricated with ferro-fluid. A two-dimensional lubrication equation considering the magnetic force, the angular momentum of particle and the change of the apparent viscosity depend on the magnetic fields is proposed. According to this equation, the characteristics of the finite length journal bearings lubricated with ferro-fluid are investigated.
Microcellular combustible materials, based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bonded RDX, were fabricated by the pressure quench method using supercritical CO2. After foaming, the bulk density, porosity, expansion ratio and cell density were analyzed. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has also been used to investigate the influence of the foaming conditions (temperature, saturation pressure and depressurization time) and the RDX ratio on the porous structure. The skin-core structure was also observed after the pressure quench process. The mechanical sensitivities and burning performance were investigated by the friction sensitivity test, the impact sensitivity test and the closed vessel test, respectively.
Due to the high exploration cost, limited number of wells for source rocks drilling and scarce test samples for the Total Organic Carbon Content (TOC) in the Huizhou sag, the TOC prediction of source rocks in this area and the assessment of resource potentials of the basin are faced with great challenges. In the study of TOC prediction, predecessors usually adopted the logging assessment method, since the data is only confined to a “point” and the regional prediction of the source bed in the seismic profile largely depends on the recognition of seismic facies, making it difficult to quantify TOC. In this study, we combined source rock geological characteristics, logging and seismic response and built the mathematical relation between quasi TOC curve and seismic data based on the TOC logging date of a single well and its internal seismic attribute. The result suggested that it was not purely a linear relationship that was adhered to by predecessors, but was shown as a complicated non-linear relationship. Therefore, the neural network algorithm and SVMs were introduced to obtain the optimum relationship between the quasi TOC curve and the seismic attribute. Then the goal of TOC prediction can be realized with the method of seismic inversion
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Certificateless cryptography is a new type of public key cryptography,which removes the certificate management problem in traditional public key cryptography and the key escrow problem in identity-based public key cryptography. Multi-proxy signature is an extension of proxy signature, which allows an original signer authorizing a group of proxy signers and only the cooperation of all proxy signers in the group can create valid proxy signatures on behalf of the original signer. Recently, Jin andWen combined certificateless cryptographywith multi-proxy signature, and proposed a model as well as a concrete scheme of certificateless multi-proxy signature. They claimed that their scheme is provably secure in their security model. Unfortunately, in this paper by giving two attacks, we will show that their certificateless multi-proxy signature scheme can be broken. The first attack indicates their security model is flawed and the second attack indicates their certificateless multi-proxy signature scheme is insecure. Possible improvements are also suggested to prevent these attacks.
There is currently no multidimensional flow diagnostic tool developed which is capable of elucidating 3D complex flow structures in pulsatile ventricular assist devices (VAD). According to recent clinical reports, most VAD may have a persistent risk of thromboembolism even in administration of systematic medical therapy. The present study, therefore, aims to demonstrate the applicability of Stereoscopic ParticIe Image Velocimetry (SPIV) for characterizing highly 3D complex flows within a pulsatile blood pump. SPIV measurements were carried out within a Spiral Vortex pulsatile blood pump (SV pump). In order to assess the measurement accuracy, the results were compared with those obtained with Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA). In experiments, a full-scale Perspex model of the SV pump was employed. A Newtonian blood-analog fluid was used with the approximately same refractive index as the Perspex. A flow rate was set at 8.3 L/min (Re=2500) under steady conditions. SPIV measurements revealed 3D complex flow characteristics of a steady swirling flow generated within a conical housing. The flow, similar to a model of Rankine vortex, exhibited intricate natures in a three-dimensional manner, particularly in a core region at the swirling center and in the immediate downstream of inlet flow. In measurement comparisons, the results of SPIV measurements were in agreement with those from LDA. These results successfully demonstrated the viability as well as the efficacy of SPIV measurement in investigating 3D complex flows within the SV pump.
The frequently changed temperature could have great effects on soil fauna community during soil thawing period in cold areas. Therefore, soil faunas were investigated in both the soil organic layer (OL) and mineral soil layer (ML) in the primary fir (Abies faxoniana) forest (PF), fir and birch (Betula albosinensis) mixed forest (MF) and secondary fir forest (SF) in the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau every ten days between March 5 and April 25, 2009. Soil macrofauna was picked up by hand in the fields. Mesofauna was collected and separated from the soil samples by Baermann and Tullgren methods, respectively. The dominated species of macrofauna belongedto Coleoptera and Diptera at the early stage of soil thawing, and to Coleoptera, Diptera, Araneae and Hymenoptera at the later stage. However, the dominated species of mesofauna belonged to Nematode, Collembola, and Acari in the whole soil thawing. The density, number of taxa, and diversity index of soil fauna showed significant change with temperature fluctuations and reached an obvious peak when soil temperatures rising above 0°C. The density and number of taxa of macrofauna in both the OL and ML were the lowest on March 5 in the three forests, but the density of mesofauna in both the OL and ML was the highest on March 25, except for the ML in the PF. These results implied that soil fauna community was sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which is important in understanding the ecological processes in the winter–spring transitional period.
Measurement of the electrolyte leakage rates in wheat leaves indicated that there was no significant difference in susceptibility to -5 C spring freeze stress among five bread wheat cultivars at the floret primordiumdifferentiating stage of spike development. A global transcriptional profile was created using the Affymetrix Wheat GeneChip microarray for one wheat cultivar (Yumai 34) under -5 C freeze stress. After assaying genes with significant regulation at 1 and 3 days after -5 C freeze stress, we identified 600 genes that were previously annotated as showing changes in expression of at least than two-fold at one or both of the time points. Among these genes, we further analysed 102 genes whose expression levels changed at least eight-fold after 1 or 3 days of freeze stress. These genes encoded an ice recrystallization protein, cold-related proteins, CBF transcription factors, calcium-dependent protein kinases, Na?/H? antiporters, aquaporins, and many metabolic enzymes. The results of this study were compared with those of a previous study on the sub-freeze hardening response in wheat and spring freeze stress in wheat and barley. Many genes, including those encoding WCOR413, LEA, glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, ferritin, aquaporin 2, and a pathogen-induced protein, showed similar expression levels in these studies. Spring freeze stress is a complex phenomenon involving physiological mechanisms and multiple genes that had not been previously characterised.
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