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EN
Ecochemical indexes such as soil buffer reaction (pH), acid neutralising capacity (ANCaq), alkalinity (ALK), soil acidity (Ma%), basic cation saturation (BS), and molar ratios Ca:Al and BC:Al were used to study the sustainability of Norway spruce of Istebna provenance in stands differing in age class. The data were obtained from the research conducted in the Dupniański Stream catchment in the Silesian Beskid Mts. (Poland). The acid neutralising capacity, alkalinity, and soil acidity were found to depend on the age of spruce stands. The increased acidification of deposits was due to the presence of sulphate and nitrate ions which were washed out from the surface of plants. Passing through the canopy caused a decrease in the acid neutralising capacity, alkalinity, and base cation saturation, and an increase in the soil acidity, with the values being dependent on stand age. The soil acid reaction shifted to the range of the aluminium and iron bufferness, but the Ca:Al and BC:Al ratios were still above the level when aluminium stress is probable. The washout of the basic cations beyond the spruce root system, and the low levels of exchangeable Mg2+ and Ca2+, basic cation saturation of soil water, and effective base saturation of soil may affect the vitality and health of spruce stands in the future. To maintain the sustainability of Norway spruce stands of Istebna provenance in the Dupniański Stream catchment it is necessary to increase the retention of basic elements, especially Mg2+ and Ca2+, by means of stand conversion or fertilisation.
EN
The study analyses the transfer of F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ from bulkprecipitation to throughfall, soil surface flow, vertical flow and intercover flow of water (gravity lysimeters at 20 cm soil depth) in spruce stands of different age classes (1st, 2nd, 5th, 6th), and the amount of these ions flowing out from the Potok Dupniański catchment in the Silesian Beskid Mts. The results cover the year 2000. The concentration and amount of SO4 2- in throughfall systematically increased and the pH value decreased with the age of the stands and with successive elements of the ecosystem. The NH4+ ion was probably absorbed in the canopy, which caused a washout of K+, Mn2+, F- and SO42- in the vegetation season in older stands. In the winter season, Fe2+, Mn2+, Na+ and K+ were washed out from the youngest stands (1st age class), whereas F-, NO3 -, SO42--, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ – from older canopies. Decomposition of the organic matter caused a rise in water acidity and an increase in the concentrations of all the analysed ions; their leaching, however, was low (under 1%). Water from intercover flow contributed to an increase in the amount of water and the concentration and amount of ions and to a further decrease in water reaction at a soil depth of 20 cm. All the anions and cations flowed away with water penetrating vertically and horizontally. Considerable amounts of ions, especially SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, were carried beyond the reach of the main mass of the root system and then out of the catchment, which may adversely affect the development and health of spruce stands.
EN
The study was conducted in the year 2010 in the Łysogóry Mts. in Świętokrzyski National Park. Spring water samples were collected in three rounds. The first round was carried out after the period of snowmelt (March/ April 2010), the second – after intensive rainfall (May 2010) and the third – when water levels were low (July 2010). The data set attained concerned conductivity, water pH, and also concentrations of the foremost anions (Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2-) and cations (NH4 +, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Spring water quality was assessed in line with Polish policy on groundwater (Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 23 July 2008, The results confirmed that spring water quality strongly depended on wet acid deposition and the geological structure. Tree species (fir and beech), exposition and soil types within the alimentation area did not influence water chemistry. Spring water were found in low quality classes according to Polish standards due to low water pH as well as high NO3 - and NH4 + concentration.
14
63%
Sylwan
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2005
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tom 149
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nr 09
51-58
EN
Jaworzyna Mountain forests of the law have granted protected status as a spa forests and forests in protected zones around the spas, as well as protective forests intakes and sources of water. In addition, forests are located in the Natura 2000 site "Popradzka refuge" and the Poprad Landscape Park. As part of the 24 sample plots laid out. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of runs No. I, II and IV of the ski station Jaworzyna Krynicka SA of the surrounding stand. Performed on them, inter alia, assess damage to trees, an assessment of the X-rays of trees, an assessment of the damage to the tree canopy deciduous beech mainly by Roloff classification It was noticed a significant: change in the number of trees in the areas of research; changes in the species composition; large variation in the abundance of forest stands; increase in X-ray conifer crowns; an increase in damage to the crowns of beech in all areas of research; — inventoried damage is primarily shallow wounds and abrasion bark — wounds on trees can also be a place of infection fungal pathogens; Edges of slopes and point taken for the gondola should be reforested as soon as possible to create a forest edge.
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