Environmental Variables Significance for Ecological Status Assessment in the Bulgarian Eastern Continental Shallow Lakes

• Autorzy: Doychev, Dimitar , Gartsiyanova, Kristina , Taneva, Lidiya
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Eastern Continental shallow lakes are specific with their higher nutrient concentration compared to other lentic water bodies with similar specifications. Nonetheless, their phytoplankton and macrophyte assessment systems used more often than others within state monitoring programs, are weakly influenced by nutrient concentrations, unlike all other lake types in Europe. In this study, we used all available data for Eastern Continental shallow lakes on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria from the state monitoring for 14 years (2008–2021). The goal was to find how environmental variables influence the ecological status assessment by phytoplankton and macrophyte-related indices. Likewise, it was important to understand the studied parameter’s interrelations within Dourankoulak Lake and the lake complex Shabla-Ezerets. The most important environmental parameters were determined with principal component analysis since it helps find the hidden relationships. Afterwards, those variables were used for univariate linear regression testing because of its simplicity and reliability. The aim was to find the best-suited parameters for the ecological status explanation by different biological indices, which can be used for further predictions of the ecosystem condition. In addition, nitrogen–phosphorus dependency, where possible was investigated, confirming conclusions from mesocosms studies from water bodies with similar characteristics. The algae group index or the so-called “Catalán Index”, in its original form of representing results and considering its ecological quality ratio values, was influenced by conductivity concentrations the most in Ezeretsko Lake and weaker at Dourankoulak Lake. Nutrient relationship with biological quality elements was not found, confirming results on a European level. In Shablensko Lake a dose-dependent relation between nitrates and phosphates was found, which shows that augmenting the quantity of nitrogen is related to the increasing concentration of phosphates.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

eutrophic lake; shallow lake; environmental variables; nutrients; conductivity; Black Sea; coast; biological quality elements

• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 25, nr 10
• Strony: 16--30
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 33 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Doychev, Dimitar

• Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Shumen “Konstantin Preslavsky”, 115 Universitetska Str., 9700 Shumen, Bulgaria,

autor

Gartsiyanova, Kristina

• National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography, Hydrology and Water Management Research Center, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences [NIGGG-BAS], Sofia, Bulgaria, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 3, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria,

autor

Taneva, Lidiya

• Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Shumen “Konstantin Preslavsky”, 115 Universitetska Str., 9700 Shumen, Bulgaria,

Bibliografia

• 1. Attayde J.L., Panosso R., Becker V., Dias J.D., Jeppesen, E. 2022. Preface: advances in the ecology of shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, 849, 3653–3661. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-04982-x.
• 2. Benkov I., Varbanov M., Venelinov T., and Tsakovski S. 2023. Principal component analysis and the Water Quality Index – A powerful tool for surface Water Quality Assessment: a case study on Struma River Catchment, Bulgaria. Water, 15, 1961. DOI: 10.3390/ w15101961.
• 3. Birk  S., Chapman  D., Carvalho  L., Spears B.M., Andersen  H.E., Argillier  C., Auer  S., Baattrup-Pedersen  A., Banin  L., Beklioğlu M., Bondar-Kunze  E., Borja  A., Branco  P., Bucak  T., Buijse  A.D., Cardoso  A.C., Couture R.M., Cremona  F., Zwart D., Feld  C.K., Ferreira M.T., Feuchtmayr  H., Gessner  M.O., Gieswein  A., Globevnik  L., Graeber  D., Graf W., Gutiérrez-Cánovas  C., Hanganu J., Işkın U., Järvinen  M., Jeppesen  E., Kotamäki  N., Kuijper M., Lemm J.U., Lu S., Lyche Solheim  A., Mischke U., Moe  S.J., Nõges  P., Nõges  T., Ormerod  S.J., Panagopoulos  Y., Phillips  G., Posthuma  L., Pouso  S., Prudhomme  C., Rankinen  K., Rasmussen J.J., Richardson J., Sagouis A., Santos  J.M., Schäfer  R.B., Schinegger  R., Schmutz S., Schneider  S.C., Schülting L., Segurado  P., Stefanidis K., Sures B., Thackeray  S.J., Turunen  J., Uyarra M.C., Venohr  M., Ohe  P.C., Willby N., Hering D. 2020. Impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater biota across spatial scales and ecosystems. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4, 1060–1068. DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1216-4.
• 4. Borics G., Wolfram G., Chiriac G., Belkinova D., Donabaum K., Poikane S. 2018. Intercalibration of the national classifications of ecological status for Eastern Continental lakes: Biological Quality Element: Phytoplankton, EUR 29338 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, DOI: 10.2760/651989, JRC112693.
• 5. Çelekli А., Lekesiz Ö., Çetin Т. 2023. Limno-assessment of phytoplankton composition in relation to environmental conditions of lakes in Antalya River Basin. Environmental Quality Management, 33(1), 1–13. DOI: 10.1002/tqem.22093.
• 6. Doychev D.D. 2023. Longitudinal recovery gradient of macroinvertebrates during different hydrological scenarios in a downstream river reach. Journal of Limnology, 82, 2125. DOI: 10.4081/ jlimnol.2023.2125.
• 7. European Commission, 2005. Common implementation strategy for the Water Framework Directive [2000/60/EU], 2005. Guidance Document No. 13. Overall approach to the classification of ecological status and ecological potential. Available from: https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/06480e8727a641e6 b1650581c2b046ad/Guidance%20No%2013%20 %20Classification%20of%20Ecological%20Status %20 [WG%20A].pdf
• 8. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Kelly M., Teixeira H., Lyche Solheim A., Free G., Phillips G., Salas Herrero M.F., Kolada A., Varbiro G., Poikane S. 2024. Physico-chemical criteria to support Good Ecological Status in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2024, https:// data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/355815, JRC136407
• 9. European Environment Agency (EEA) 2018. European waters – Assessment of status and pressures. EEA Report No 7/2018. EEA, Copenhagen. Available from: https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/ state-of-water
• 10. European Union, 2018. Commission Decision 2018/229 of 12 February 2018 establishing, pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, the values of the Member State monitoring system classifications as a result of the intercalibration exercise and repealing Commission Decision 2013/480/EU. O.J. European Union, 20.2.2018, L 47, 1–91. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018D0229
• 11. Gecheva G., Cheshmedjiev S.D., DimitrovaDyulgerova I.Zh. 2011. Macrophyte-Based Assessment of the Ecological Status of Lakes in Bulgaria. Ecologia Balkanica. 3, 25–40.
• 12. Government of Bulgaria, 2012. Ordinance Н-4 from 14 of September 2012 for surface water characterization. (in Bulgarian). Available from: Naredba H-4.pdf (government.bg).
• 13. Havens K., Jeppesen E. 2018. Ecological Responses of Lakes to Climate Change. Water, 10(7), 917. DOI: 10.3390/w10070917.
• 14. Jeppesen E., Canedo-Arguelles M., Entrekin S., Sarma S.S.S., Padisák J., 2023. Effects of induced changes in salinity on inland and coastal water ecosystems: editor summary. Hydrobiologia, 850, 4343–4349. DOI: 10.1007/s10750-023-05352-x.
• 15. Kalchev R.K., Pehlivanov L.Z., Beshkova M.B. 2002. Trophic relations in two lakes from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast and possibilities for their restoration. Water Science & Technology, 46(8), 1–8.
• 16. Kelly M., Phillips G., Teixeira H., Salas Herrero F., Várbíró G., Kolada A., Lyche Solheim A., Poikane S. 2022. Physico-chemical supporting elements in inland waters under the Water Framework Directive: a review of national standards to support good ecological status. EUR 31040 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. DOI: 10.2760/470539, JRC127875.
• 17. Lumivero, 2023. XLSTAT statistical and data analysis solution. https://www.xlstat.com/en
• 18. Lyche Solheim A., Globevnik L., Austnes K., Kristensen P., Jannicke Moe S., Jonas Persson, Phillips G., Poikane S., Van de Bund W., Birk S. 2019. A new broad typology for rivers and lakes in Europe: Development and application for large-scale environmental assessments. Science of Total Environment, 697, 134043. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134043.
• 19. Ma S.N., Wang H.J., Wang H.Z., Zhang M., Li Y., Bian S.J., Liang X.M., Søndergaard M., Jeppesen E. 2021. Effects of nitrate on phosphorus release from lake sediments. Water Research, 194, 116894. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116894.
• 20. Ma S.N., Xu Y.F., Wang H.G., Wang H.Z., Li Y., Dong X.M., Xu J.L., Yu Q., Søndergaard M., Jeppesen E. 2023. Mechanisms of high ammonium loading promoted phosphorus release from shallow lake sediments: A five-year large-scale experiment. Water Research, 245(9), 120580. DOI: 10.1016/j. watres.2023.120580.
• 21. Ministry of the Environment and Water (MoEW) 2002. Protected locality “Durankulashko Lake”. Management plan 2002–2011 (In Bulgarian). Available from: https://www.moew.government. bg/static/media/ups/tiny/file/Nature/Protected_areas/Planove_za_upravlenie/PU_Durankulashko_ ezero.pdf
• 22. Ministry of the Environment and Water (MoEW) 2004. (Protected locality “Shablensko Lake”. Management plan 2004–2013 (In Bulgarian). Available from: https://www.moew.government.bg/static/ media/ups/tiny/file/Nature/Protected_areas/Planove_za_upravlenie/PU_Shabla_MP_2003.pdf
• 23. Padisak J., Reynolds C.S. 2003. Shallow lakes: the absolute, the relative, the functional and the pragmatic. Hydrobiologia, 506–509(1), 1–11. DOI: 10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008630.49527.29.
• 24. Pagès J, 2002. Multiple Factor Analysis applied to qualitative variables and mixed data (in French). Revue de Statistique Appliquée 50(4), 5–37. http://eudml.org/doc/106525
• 25. Pall K., Gecheva G., Soaru-minea A., Lukacs B., Poikane S., Intercalibration of the national classifications of ecological status for Eastern Continental lakes: Biological quality Element: Macrophytes, EUR 29336 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg, 2018, DOI: 10.2760/242521, JRC112692.
• 26. Peng X., Zhang L., Li Y., Lin Q., He C., Huang S., Li H., Zhanga X., Liua B., Gea F., Zhoua Q., Zhanga Y., Wu, Z. 2021. The changing characteristics of phytoplankton community and biomass in subtropical shallow lakes: Coupling effects of land use patterns and lake morphology. Water Research, 200, 117235. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117235.
• 27. Phillips G., Kelly M., Teixeira H., Salas F., Free G., Leujak W., Pitt J.A., Lyche Solheim A., Varbiro G., Poikane S. 2018. Best practice for establishing nutrient concentrations to support good ecological status. EUR 29329 EN. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. JRC112667.
• 28. Phillips G., Teixeira H., Kelly M.G., Herrero F.S., Varbír G., Lysche Solheim A., Kolada A., Free G., Poikane S. 2024. Setting nutrient boundaries to protect aquatic communities: The importance of comparing observed and predicted classifications using measures derived from a confusion matrix. Science of Total Environment, 912, 168872. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168872.
• 29. Poikane S., Kelly M.G., Free G., Carvalho L., Hamilton D.P., Katsanou K., Lürling M., Warner S., Spears B.M., Irvine K. 2024. A global assessment of lake restoration in practice: New insights and future perspectives. Ecol. Indic. 158, 111330.
• 30. Poikane S., Kelly M.G., Várbíró G., Borics G., Erős T., Hellsten S., Kolada A., Lukács B.A., Lyche Solheim A., López J.P., Willby N.J., Wolfram G., Phillips G. 2022. Estimating nutrient thresholds for eutrophication management: Novel insights from understudied lake types. Science of Total Environment, 827, 154242. DOI: 10.1016/j. scitotenv.2022.154242.
• 31. Qiu X., Mei X., Razlutskij V., Rudstam L.G., Liu Z., Tong C., Zhang X. 2019. Effects of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on water quality in aquatic ecosystems dominated by submerged plants: a mesocosm study. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 420, 28. DOI: 10.1051/kmae/2019017.
• 32. R Core Team. 2023. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
• 33. River Basin Management Plan (RBMP), 2016. River basin management plan of the Black Sea Basin Directorate 2016–2021. Decision 1107/29.12.2016 of the Council of Ministers (in Bulgarian). Available from: https://www.bsbd.org/ bg/index_bg_5493788.html

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/191540