Experimental tests of laminated glass with embedded steel mesh subjected to in-plane loading

• Autorzy: Kozłowski, Marcin , Wasik, Dominik
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This article presents the issue of the in-plane post-breakage capacity of laminated glass elements. It presents the results of an ongoing research project that aims to develop novel reinforced, laminated glass elements with embedded steel woven mesh and increased post-breakage capacity. The research was focused on tensile strength tests in a custom-made experimental set-up. The tests were carried out on laminated glass samples consisting of two glass panes with 8, 10 and 12 mm thicknesses, bonded with an EVA Clear interlayer (3.04 mm thick). A total of 36 reference and reinforced samples were tested (6 series of 6 samples each). During the tests, an increase in load after glass breakage was observed for all samples, however, the samples reinforced with steel mesh showed much better strength in the post-breakage phase. It was found that the steel woven mesh embedded in laminated glass increases the post-breakage capacity by approximately 300% compared to the reference samples.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

szkło laminowane; monotoniczność; wzmocnienie; siatka stalowa; pełzanie; obciążenie w płaszczyźnie; eksperymenty; wytrzymałość po pęknięciu

EN

laminated glass; monotonic; reinforcement; steel mesh; creep; in-plane loading; experiments; post-breakage capacity

• Czasopismo: Architecture Civil Engineering Environment
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 16, no. 3
• Strony: 77--88
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 35 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kozłowski, Marcin

• Assoc. Prof. PhD, DSc; Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian Universityof Technology, Gliwice,

autor

Wasik, Dominik

• MSc; Department of Structural Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology,Gliwice,

Bibliografia

• [1] The Freedonia Group, World flat glass industry study with forecasts for 2018 & 2023, study #3212, Cleveland, OH; 2014
• [2] Centelles, X., Castro, J. R., & Cabeza, L. F. (2019). Experimental results of mechanical, adhesive, and laminated connections for laminated glass elements – a review. Engineering Structures, 180, 192–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.11.029
• [3] Vedrtnam, A., & Pawar, S. J. (2017). Laminated Plate Theories and fracture of laminated glass plate – a review. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 186, 316–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.10.020
• [4] Feldmann, M., & Langosch, K. (2011). Zum Biegeverhalten von VSG-Laminaten unter quer-Oder Längsbelastung. Stahlbau, 80(S1), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/stab.201120007
• [5] Grębowski, K., & Wróbel, A. (2022). Architectural and Urban Planning Solutions for the protection of heritage buildings in the context of terrorist attacks: Following the example of Passive Protection Systems. Buildings, 12(7), 988. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070988
• [6] Royer-Carfagni, G., & Silvestri, M. (2009). Fail-safe point fixing of structural glass. new advances. Engineering Structures, 31(8), 1661–1676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.02.050
• [7] Bedon, C. (2022). Time-domain numerical analysis of single pedestrian random walks on laminated glass slabs in pre- or post-breakage regime. Engineering Structures, 260, 114250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114250
• [8] Bedon, C., & Amadio, C. (2016). Shear glass panels with point-fixed mechanical connections: Finite-element numerical investigation and buckling design recommendations. Engineering Structures, 112, 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.024
• [9] Castori, G., & Speranzini, E. (2017). Structural analysis of failure behavior of laminated glass. Composites Part B: Engineering, 125, 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.05.062
• [10] Kozłowski, M. (2019). Experimental and numerical assessment of structural behaviour of glass balustrade subjected to soft body impact. Composite Structures, 229, 111380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111380
• [11] Quaglini, V., Cattaneo, S., & Biolzi, L. (2020). Numerical assessment of laminated cantilevered glass plates with point fixings. Glass Structures & Engineering, 5(2), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40940-020-00119-5
• [12] Biolzi, L., Cattaneo, S., & Simoncelli, M. (2022). Post-failure behavior of 2-ply laminated glass plates with different interlayers. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 268, 108496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.108496
• [13] Wang, X.-er, Yang, J., Chong, W. T., Qiao, P., Peng, S., & Huang, X. (2020). Post-fracture performance of laminated glass panels under consecutive hard body impacts. Composite Structures, 254, 112777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112777
• [14] Zhao, C., Yang, J., Wang, X.-er, & Azim, I. (2019). Experimental investigation into the post-breakage performance of pre-cracked laminated glass plates. Construction and Building Materials, 224, 996–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.286
• [15] Stelzer, I., & Singh Rooprai, M. (2016). Post Breakage Strength Testing for Overhead Laminated Glass. Challenging Glass 5 – Conference on Architectural and Structural Applications of Glass. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7480/cgc.5.2265
• [16] Saputra, A., Behnke, R., Xing, W., Song, C., Schneider, J., & Kaliske, M. (2021). Numerical representation of fracture patterns and post-fracture load-bearing performance of thermally prestressed glass with polymer foil. Engineering Structures, 226, 111318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111318
• [17] Chen, X., & Chan, A. H. (2018). Modelling impact fracture and fragmentation of laminated glass using the combined finite-discrete element method. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 112, 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2017.10.007
• [18] Chen, X., Chan, A. H. C., & Yang, J. (2016). Simulating the breakage of glass under hard body impact using the combined finite-discrete element method. Computers & Structures, 177, 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.08.010
• [19] Bedon, C., & Louter, C. (2014). Exploratory numerical analysis of SG-laminated reinforced glass beam experiments. Engineering Structures, 75, 457–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.06.022
• [20] Bedon, C., & Louter, C. (2017). Finite element analysis of post-tensioned SG-laminated glass beams with adhesively bonded steel tendons. Composite Structures, 167, 238–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.01.086
• [21] Bos, F., Louter, C. & Veer, F. (2010). Structural Glass Beams with Embedded Glass Fibre Reinforcement. Challenging Glass 2 – Conference on Architectural and Structural Applications of Glass.
• [22] Bedon, C., & Louter, C. (2019). Structural glass beams with embedded GFRP, CFRP or steel reinforcement rods: Comparative experimental, analytical and numerical investigations. Journal of Building Engineering, 22, 227–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.12.008
• [23] Achintha, M., & Zirbo, T. (2018). Developments in GFRP Reinforced Bolted Joints in Glass. Challenging Glass 6 – Conference on Architectural and Structural Applications of Glass. https://doi.org/10.7480/cgc.6.2153
• [24] Achintha, M., & Zirbo, T. (2021). GFRP reinforced high performance glass–bolted joints: Concept and experimental characterization. Construction and Building Materials, 274, 122058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122058
• [25] Kozłowski, M., Wasik, D., & Zemła, K. (2022). Monotonic and Creep Studies on the pull-through resistance of laminated glass with locally embedded steel mesh. Materials, 15(20), 7083. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207083
• [26] Haldimann, M., Overend, M., & Luible, A. (2008). Structural use of glass. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering.
• [27] Oliveira, M. C., Diniz Cardoso, A. S., Viana, M. M., & Lins, V. de. (2018). The causes and effects of degradation of encapsulant ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic modules: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 2299–2317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.039
• [28] Martín, M., Centelles, X., Solé, A., Barreneche, C., Fernández, A. I., & Cabeza, L. F. (2020). Polymeric interlayer materials for laminated glass: A Review. Construction and Building Materials, 230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116897
• [29] EN-1993-1-4:2006; Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures – Part 1–4: General rules – Supplementary rules for stainless steels.
• [30] EN 1993-1-1:2022; Eurocode 3: Design of Steel Structures – Part 1–1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings. CEN: Brussels, Belgium, 2020.
• [31] Bogucki W., Żyburtowicz M. Tablice do projektowania konstrukcji metalowych, Arkady, 2013.
• [32] EN 485-2:2016+A1:2018 – Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Sheet, strip and plate – Part 2: Mechanical properties.
• [33] EN ISO 12543-5:2021 – Glass in building – Laminated glass and laminated safety glass – Part 5: Dimensions and edge finishing.
• [34] Veer, F. A., Louter, P. C., & Bos, F. P. (2009). The strength of annealed, heat-strengthened and fully tempered float glass. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, 32(1), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.2008.01308.x
• [35] Galuppi, L., Royer-Carfagni, G. (2018). The post-breakage response of laminated heat-treated glass under in plane and out of plane loading. Composites Part B: Engineering.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/acee-2023-0035