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2
Content available remote Estimation of the radiation power at the output of holographic memory system
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EN
The aim of this paper is to determine the light intensity distribution after the passage of a laser beam through the particular sub-assemblies of the optical holographic system. On this basis we want to determine the laser beam power necessary for respective reading in and reading out the information
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Content available Wiesław Blaschke (1941-2021)
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4
Content available Ucieczka z poetyki
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EN
Editorial dedicated to the memory of Stanisław Barańczak.
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Report from the conference "Genealogies of Memory in East Central Europe: Theories and Methods" Warsaw, 23-25 November 2011.
EN
There is a large interest in the marketing world to use the neuroimaging tools as a possible aid to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial advertisement. Such an area of study is called "neuromarketing". Here we illustrate some applications of electrical neuroimaging, a discipline using EEG and intensive signal processing techniques for the evaluation of such marketing stimuli. We will show which kind of information is possible to gather with these methodologies while persons are watching marketing relevant stimuli. Such information is related to the memorization and attention of commercial advertisements. We noted that temporal and frequency patterns of EEG signals are able to return descriptors of cognitive process in subjects that watched such commercial announcements. The described EEG methodologies could be then employed both to better design new products that are going to be promoted on the market as well as to analyse the global cognitive impact of commercial videos already broadcasted.
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Content available Rok 1991 w prozie rosyjskiej
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RU
Цель статьи – анализ способов изображения в новейшей русской прозе событий 1991 года, ассоциируемых с распадом СССР. В произведениях таких писателей как Е. Водолазкин, В. Пелевин, П. Санаев, С. Лебедев, А. Проханов речь идет о  путче в августе 1991 года. Автор анализирует фрагменты произведений, посвященные этому событию, обращая внимание на мотивы, образы, перспективу повествователя.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób wydarzenia 1991 roku, utożsamiane powszechnie z rozpadem ZSRR, są reprezentowane w rosyjskiej prozie.. W utworach rosyjskich pisarzy (J. Wodołazkin,  W. Pielewin, P.Sanajew, S. Lebiediew, A. Prochanow) najczęściej przywoływany jest moment sierpniowego puczu. Autorka poddaje analizie fragmenty wyodrębnione z całości utworu i bada je poza macierzystym kontekstem, zwracając uwagę na motywy, obrazy, a także perspektywę narratora.
EN
The goal of this article is to establish how the events of 1991, which are commonly associated with the fall of the USSR, are depicted in Russian prose. Most of the writers, including E. Vodolazkin, V. Pelevin,  P. Sanayev, S. Lebedev, A. Prokhanov portray in their works the moment of the August Coup, even though it often plays only a marginal role in the story. Therefore, the author analyzes selected fragments isolated from the entirety of the respectful works, and examines them outside their original contexts, paying attention to motifs, images, and notions they contain. 
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Content available Wspomnienie. Stefan Bednarek (1944-2022)
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EN
The memory of Stefan Bednarek (1922-2022)
EN
The aim of this article is to explore the most recent literary representations of the so-called “Revival process” in Bulgarian history or the renaming of the Bulgarian Muslim and Turkish minorities in the 1980s in Zlatko Enev’s Requiem for Nobody (Реквием за никого, 2011), Martin Marinov’s The Veil (Булото, 2014), Miroslav Penkov’s The Stork Mountain (Щъркелите и планината, 2016), and Liudmila Mindova’s Novel for the Name (Роман за името, 2017). The analysis focuses on the outlining of the thematic and structural similarities between the novels and the different approaches toward the depiction of trauma. I argue that this new trend is an attempt to rethink the legacy of the communist past and conceptualize collective trauma.
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Content available remote Współczesne kino francuskie wobec pamięci postkolonialnej
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EN
For years little has been said the French public discourse about North and West African contribution to the World War II efforts, the sacrifice in blood of their soldiers was mentioned only rarely and occasionally. However, filmmakers embraced this topic unfamiliar to the public. Rachid Bouchareb – a French director of Algerian descent – is one of them. His film Indigènes (2006) is a tribute of sorts to the “forgotten heroes”, who have lost their lives fighting Germans in the south of France and later Alsace. By portraying four soldiers, the artist poses important questions regarding topics such as ethnicity, equality, discrimination, and racism, but also that of being forsaken, leaving an emptiness in the collective mind of a nation. The author describes the attitude of contemporary French filmmakers towards the postcolonial past and themes of ethnicity, concentrating on a film by Rachid Bouchareb. The picture seems to be especially relevant from the point of mutual relations between ethnicity, the politics and culture.
EN
Memory is a process that encompasses three basic elements: encoding, consolidation and retrieval. The concept of multiple memory systems is now widely accepted. The question concerning the contribution of new neurons to learning has been recognized for a long time. There are also numerous associations between neurogenesis and learning. Experience-related changes that affect neurogenesis, such as stress or environmental enrichment, also affect learning. This paper also presents some methods of improving memory.
EN
The largest and pitiless concentration camp in the fascist Croatia was located in Jasenovac on the Sava river, near the Bosnian border. In early 1960s the memorial site and museum was founded there. The article proposes an analyze of the public debate in Croatia in 2004-2006, related to the complete change of the museum exposition. Supporters of the change emphasize new perspective of commemoration, individualization of a victim, and giving him/her the dignity back. On the other side are opponents which point out that the change can obscure the Croatian responsibility for the crime, and strengthens the revisionist policy towards the NDH (Croatian fascist state during the 2nd world war). As it turned out, the organization of the museum is related to the most important problems of the Croatian identity and the interpretation of the past.
EN
The kunstlerroman or „artist novel” unlike the related bildungsroman (novel of growth and development) has not received wide critical attention. Yet it may be interesting in the study of the novel to engage with sub-genres such as the kunstlerroman, especially since it traces the development of the artist, his/her arts and perspective. This paper is interested in exploring the kunstlerroman from a postcolonial viewpoint. Specifically, this paper focuses on how a memory of traumatic events and experiences contribute in the development of Paule Marshall’s artistic skill as expressed in her novel Triangular Road. It therefore engages with issues such as the place of individual and collective traumatic memory, the question of apprenticeship and how it is played out in the postcolonial variant of the kunsttlerroman. It is also focused on how different the postcolonial kunstlerroman is different from the European version and what explains this difference. The main argument is that Marshall’s Triangular Road is a postcolonial kunstlerroman which traces her growth and development to artistic maturity, guided by her apprenticeship and against a backdrop of intrusive memories of the traumas and pains of her people. Therefore it insists that the postcolonial artist unlike those of the colonizing countries is largely influenced and formed by a series of traumatic events whose memories are triggered by „trauma buttons” and which push them in the present to pick up their pens. It underlines the fact that there is a close relationship between trauma, memory and the artistic development of Paule Marshall as expressed in Triangular Road which this paper considers as the postcolonial kunstlerroman par excellence.
Open Medicine
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2007
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tom 2
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nr 3
280-293
EN
Data in literature that use methods for studying the learning and memory processes suggest that GABA and especially GABAB receptor antagonists may be active against amnesia. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of three new GABAB-antagonists on learning and memory processes. Active and passive avoidance tests with negative reinforcement in rats were used. The rats treated with different GABAB receptor antagonists showed improving effects in both tests (active and passive avoidances)on learning as well as on memory retention. There are some differences in their activities, probably due to its chemical structures. The phosphinic analogue CGP63360A is potent to the point that the benzoic one CGP76290A and the left isomer of the benzoic analogue CGP76291A has no effect. It may be concluded that the obtained results on the GABAB receptor antagonists could contribute to their pharmacological characteristics and might be of interest for potential clinical implication.
EN
Cognitive problems and a deepening dependence on one’s immediate environment inherently accompany Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). The disease is progressive, and the size of the dystrophin gene determines the extraordinary complexity of the causes of this disease at the genetic and molecular level. The aim of the study was to characterize the cognitive problems and the extent of independence of patients with genetically confirmed DMD. An attempt was also made to reconstruct the patient's life history in three periods: before the appearance of the first symptoms, during the search for a diagnosis and after confirming the diagnosis of DMD. The study group consisted of male patients between 10 and 13 years of age (N = 14). The Diagnosis of Cognitive Functions Battery - PU1 and an experimental tool for studying autonomy were used. Information on the condition of the attention, memory and executive functions of patients was obtained. The study of autonomy measurably supplemented knowledge in terms of the degree of the patients’ dependence on the environment with regard to everyday functioning. The best functioning component of attention in the examined patients is orientation (o) (13 patients achieved average results in this aspect). Selectivity (s) turned out to be the weakest component, as only five patients obtained average results (the others obtained low results) in this aspect. Autonomy results (AU) indicate group diversity and inter-subject variability in the disease progression (subjects scored from 6 to 47 points). The clinical picture of the disease is not homogeneous. Patients, despite their similar age, differ in the progression of the disease and the resulting effects. This induces the need for an individual approach to each patient and the preparation of a unique set of therapeutic interactions for each of them.
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EN
The story of the exiles of the Zhukovsky family is presented in the paper. Analyses were based on interviews with Dagmara, the daughter, two documentaries: On memory paths and Crust of Bread, and a manuscript written on the basis of Danuta and Bogusław recollections by Dagmara. Hypotheses of the paper were the following: a story of a family is the history of a nation. There is a parallel between historical events and an individual’s fate. The ancestors, need to tell one’s story and the descendants’ need to hear it are reciprocal ones and can be interpreted as a cultural mechanism of incorporation new texts into a culture memory. On an individual level it gives rise to the feeling of dignity and power. Marianne Hirsch’s theory of post‑memory and Yury Lotman’s concept of ‘remembering – forgetting’ mechanism were utilized to present and interpret memories of Boguslav and Danuta Zhukovsky and their descendant – Dagmara. The reasons for reaching into the past and coming back to Syberia were also analysed.
EN
 In this paper I discuss the possibilities of interpreting the archival materials of the Polski atlas etnograficzny by means of modern theories of memory. Referring to the theory of representation, memory locations or microhistory, new contexts of the functioning of phenomena or behaviours that are studied may be found in the records that were collected. The value of the source materials is not only in their substantive content but also in the scale of research with which they were collected. The atlas data, despite all their limitations, provide ample opportunities for the interpretation of such representations of the past, being a true reservoir of them. In many cases they require an individual approach, the knowledge of the specific context and a presentation of the interpretations in the form of a specific microhistory. Some, however, are experienced by a larger group of people, thus legitimizinginferences of a more general nature.
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Content available remote Wierny Mistrzom. Wspomnienie o Profesorze Władysławie Winczem
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PL
Przypadająca 24 października 1997 roku piąta rocznica śmierci prof. Władysława Winczego inspiruje do przypomnienia tej wybitnej postaci architekta wnętrz, projektanta mebli i pedagoga PWSSP, obecnie Akademii, we Wrocławiu. Jego niezwykła osobowość, i to nie tylko artystyczna, nie tracąc nic z własnej indywidualności, dojrzewała i rozwijała się w warszawskiej Szkole Sztuk Pięknych, pod kierunkiem takich mistrzów i nauczycieli, jak profesorowie: Wojciech Jastrzębowski, Józef Czajkowski, Karol Ti-chy oraz Tadeusz Pruszkowski. Program tejże Uczelni wyraźnie odbiegał od programu realizowanego ówcześnie w Akademii Krakowskiej czy na Wydziale Sztuk Pięknych Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego w Wilnie.
EN
The fifth anniversary of the death of Professor Wincze elapsed in 1997. He was a man of exceptional individuality, not only artistic. The rcmincsccncc about the Professor brings back to mind this eminent personage of an interior decorator, furniture designer and pedagogue of the National Higher School of Arts, at present the Academy of Arts in Wrocław. His most important projects of which he was the author or co-author arc the interiors of two storeys of the Wroclaw House of Fashion, the study of Professor Ludwik Hirszfeld in the Institute of Immunology, several cafes in Wroclaw, the interior of the Rozmaitości Theatre (at present Współczesny'), the polichromy of the Town Square and the Solt Square, and also church alters. The Professor was a great personality. Evaluating his students Professor Wincze paid attention not only to their creativity but also to their knowledge and personal culture. He believed that art was above political convictions.
EN
"Objectivity fetish." Our Class by Tadeusz SłobodzianekOur Class was received in Poland with enthusiasm. The author was praised for his courage and his voice was considered a balanced part of the Jedwabne pogrom discussion, taking place in Poland since 2000. Why this enthusiasm now, when the publication of the Neighbours was received without it? What changes to narration about Jedwabne provided by Słobodzianek were so successful? The article described the drama’s reception which turns out to be selective. It also refers to the play’s text, bringing out two orders of presenting and explaining the events. Firstly, Our Class creates a picture of interpersonal relations where social mechanisms of discrimination are erased. This thread is picked up and developed by the Polish reviewers. The Slaughter on Jews becomes an outcome of a conflict between two equal groups with similar possibilities of action and agency and therefore not linked to domination of the majority over the minority. Hence, the symmetry of harm and as a consequence, the question of guilt and the alleged tragedy of the characters becomes unsolvable. That is supported by psychological explanations of motives and behaviours, modelled on family relations. The viewpoint of the event’s participants, that is a discrimination symptom itself, is being treated as an objectifying description. Seen up close and psychologized fates of the characters veil the background of the dominating group’s violence. This violence can be explained only in sociological terms.However Słobodzianek refers also to descriptions on a social level. In that manner he constructs the scene of Rachelka’s wedding and the handling of her salvation after the war relating it to extraordinarily described phenomena of the Righteous Among the Nations’ social functioning. He notices and describes subordination rituals organised for the Survivors and the Survivor’s mimicry. Those threads were completely ignored by the reviewers, however. They were also unable to break through the narration structures of the first type, which are more recognisable.Fetysz „obiektywności”. Nasza klasa Tadeusza SłobodziankaNasza klasa przyjęta została w Polsce z entuzjazmem. Autora chwalono za odwagę, a jego głos uznano za wyważony i rozsądny w toczącej się od 2000 roku debacie nad zbrodnią w Jedwabnem. Skąd ten entuzjazm, którego brakowało przecież po publikacji Sąsiadów? Jakie zmiany wprowadzone przez Słobodzianka do narracji o Jedwabnem zapewniły mu sukces?Artykuł opisuje recepcję dramatu, która okazuje się wybiórcza. Sięga także do tekstu sztuki, wydobywając dwa porządki prezentowania i objaśniania zdarzeń. W pierwszej warstwie Nasza klasa tworzy obraz stosunków międzyludzkich, w którym znikają społeczne mechanizmy dyskryminacji. Wątek ten podchwytują i rozwijają polscy recenzenci. Wymordowanie Żydów okazuje się następstwem konfliktu równorzędnych grup z podobnymi możliwościami działania i sprawstwa, a więc nieuwikłanych w stosunki dominacji większości nad mniejszością. Stąd wynika symetria krzywd, a w konsekwencji nierozstrzygalność pytania o winę i domniemany tragizm aktorów zdarzeń. Do tego dochodzi psychologiczne wyjaśnianie zachowań i motywacji wzorowane na relacjach rodzinnych. Punkt widzenia uczestników wydarzeń (będący symptomem dyskryminacji) zostaje potraktowany jako obiektywizujący opis. Widziane z bliska i psychologizowane perypetie bohaterów zasłaniają tło, jakim jest przemoc grupy dominującej. A tę można wyjaśnić jedynie w kategoriach socjologicznych.Słobodzianek sięga jednak także po opis na poziomie społecznym. Tak konstruuje scenę ślubu Rachelki, rozgrywanie sprawy jej ocalenia po wojnie – niezwykle opisany fenomen społecznego funkcjonowania motywu Sprawiedliwych – dostrzega i opisuje rytuały podporządkowania organizowane dla ocalałych oraz to, jak grają narzucone im role. Wątki te zostają jednak całkowicie pominięte przez krytykę. Nie są także w stanie przebić się przez lepiej rozpoznawalne społecznie struktury narracyjne pierwszego typu.
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