Unawareness of Self-interest Bias in Moral Judgments of Others’ Behavior

• Autorzy: Konrad Bocian , Bogdan Wojciszke

Abstrakty

EN

Previous studies (Bocian & Wojciszke, 2014) showed that self-interest biases moral perception of others’ unethical actions. Moreover, affective changes in attitudinal responses towards the perpetrator of an immoral act drives the bias. In the present studies, we attempted to answer the question whether people are aware of the self-interest bias in their judgments of others’ behavior. We conducted two experiments showing that moral judgments of verbally described and imagined actions were dominated by norms rather than self-interest (Study 1) and that people were not aware that self-interest distorted their moral judgment (Study 2). The unawareness of the self-interest bias among the participants was attributable to omission of their own emotional responses when forecasting their moral judgments. We discuss the importance of emotions presence in studies on moral judgments as well as contribution of the present research to the intuitionist approach to moral judgment.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

self-interest; moral judgment; egotistic bias

• Wydawca: Polska Akademia Nauk
• Czasopismo: Polish Psychological Bulletin
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: 45
• Numer: 4
• Strony: 411-417

Daty

wydano

2014

Twórcy

autor

Konrad Bocian

• University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot Campus

autor

Bogdan Wojciszke

• University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot Campus

Bibliografia

• Abele, A., & Wojciszke, B. (2014). Communal and Agentic Content in Social Cognition: A Dual Perspective Model. Article in press in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol.50, 195-255.[WoS]
• Bateson, M., Nettle, D., & Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology Letters, 2, 412-414.
• Batson, C. D., Kobrynowicz, D., Dinnerstein, J. L., Kampf, H. C., & Wilson, A. D. (1997). In a very different voice: Unmasking moral hypocrisy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1335-1348.
• Batson, C. D., Thompson, E. R., Seuferling, G., Whitney, H., & Strongman, J. A. (1999). Moral hypocrisy: Appearing moral to oneself without being so. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 525-537.
• Bocian, K., & Wojciszke, B. (2014). Self-Interest Bias in Moral Judgments of Others’ Actions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 40(7), 898- 909.[Crossref][WoS][PubMed]
• Conway, P., & Gawronski, B. (2013). Deontological and utilitarian inclinations in moral decision making: A process dissociation approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104, 216-235.[WoS]
• Epley, N., & Caruso, E. M. (2004). Egocentric ethics. Social Justice Research, 17, 171-187.
• Greene, J. D. (2007). Why are VMPFC patients more utilitarian? A dual process theory of moral judgment explains. Trends in Cognitive Science, 11, 322-323.
• Haidt, J., & Kesebir, S. (2010). Morality. W: S., Fiske,& D. Gilbert (red.) Handbook of Social Psychology, 5th Edition. ( 797 - 832) Hobeken, NJ: Wiley.
• Haidt, J. (2007). The new synthesis in moral psychology. Science, 316, 998-1002.
• Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108, 814-834.
• Hamlin, J. K., Wynn, K.,& Bloom, P. (2007). Social evaluation by preverbal infants. Nature, 450, 557-559.[WoS]
• Hamlin, J.K., Wynn, K.,& Bloom, P. (2010). Three-month-old infants show a negativity bias in social evaluation. Developmental Science, 13, 923-929.
• Hoogervoorst, N., De Cremer, D. & Dijke, M. H. van (2010). Why Leaders Not Always Disapprove of Unethical Follower Behavior: It depends on the leader’s self-interest and accountability. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 29-41.[WoS]
• Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: Moral stages and the idea of justice. San Francisco: Harper Row.
• Leach, C. W., Bilali, R., & Pagliaro, S. (2013). Groups and morality. In J.
• Simpson & J. F. Dovidio (Eds.). APA Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 2: Interpersonal Relationships and Group Processes. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
• Lerner, J. S., Tetlock, P. E. (1999). Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 255-275.
• Mazar, N., Amir, O., & Ariely, D. (2008). The dishonesty of honest people: A theory of self-concept maintenance. Journal of Marketing Research, 45, 633-644.[WoS]
• Parzuchowski, M., Wojciszke, B. (2014). Hand over Heart Primes Moral Judgments and Behavior. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 38, 145-165.[WoS]
• Shu, L. L., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. H. (2011). Dishonest deed, clear conscience: When cheating leads to moral disengagement and motivated forgetting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37, 330-349.[WoS]
• Strack, F., Deutsch, R. (2004). Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 220-247.
• Thomson, J. J. (1990). The realm of rights. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
• Valdesolo, P. & DeSteno, D. (2007). Moral hypocrisy: Social groups and the flexibility of virtue. Psychological Science, 18, 689-690.
• Valdesolo, P., & DeSteno, D. (2008). The Duality of Virtue: Deconstructing the Moral Hypocrite. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1334-1338.[WoS]
• Van Berkum, J. J. A., Holleman, B., Nieuwland, M. Otten, M., & Murre, J. (2009). Right or wrong? The brain’s fast response to morally objectionable statements. Psychological Science, 20, 1092-1099.[WoS]
• Van den Bos, K. (2003). On the subjective quality of social justice: The role of affect as information in the psychology of justice judgments.
• Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 482-498.
• Wheatley, T., & Haidt, J. (2005). Hypnotically induced disgust makes moral judgments more severe. Psychological Science, 16, 780-784.
• Wicklund, R. A. (1975). Objective self-awareness. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 8, pp. 233-275).
• New York: Academic Press. Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2003). Affective forecasting. In M. P.Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 35, pp.345-411). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
• Wilson, T. D., Gilbert, D. T., & Centerbar, D. B. (2003). Making sense: The causes of emotional evanescence. In I. Brocas & J. D. Carrillo (Eds.), The psychology of economic decisions. Vol. 1: Rationality. Oxford University Press.
• Wojciszke, B. (2010). Sprawczość i wspólnotowość. Podstawowe wymiary spostrzegania społecznego [Agency and Communion as the Basic Dimensions of Social Cognition].Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/ppb-2014-0050

Biblioteka Nauki

951959