Zniszczenia obiektów zabytkowych Grudziądza w czasie drugiej wojny światowej i ich odbudowa

• Autorzy: Fijałkowska Izabela

Warianty tytułu

DE

Die Zerstörungen historischer Gebäude in Graudenz während des Zweiten Weltkrieges und deren Wiederaufbau

EN

Destruction of historic Grudziądz buildings during World War II and their reconstruction

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The article presents issues related to the reconstruction of historic buildings located in Grudziądz, destroyed during World War II. The first part discusses the legal conditions and program assumptions for the reconstruction of monuments in Poland after 1945. The scale of destruction of monuments in the country was huge. Immediately after the end of the war, government administration bodies responsible for protecting monuments were reactivated. The position of General Conservator of Monuments was appointed, who formulated the “Program and principles of conservation of monuments”. The main assumption of the program, implemented in the initial period, was the reconstruction of architectural monuments and cities in their historical forms as well as the reconstruction of selected monuments based on available materials. The goal of these efforts was to save the remains of cultural heritage at all costs and to pass on to the next generations at least their exact form. An important indicator was also the inclusion of monuments in the functioning of cities by adapting them to modern needs. In order to implement the tasks, Provincial Monument Conservators were appointed at the Provincial Departments of Culture and Art. The legal act regulating the protection of monuments after the war was still the ordinance of the President of the Republic of March 6, 1928 on the protection of monuments. In 1962, a new legal act regarding monuments appeared – the Act on the Protection of Cultural Assets and Museums (later only: Cultural Assets). The rest of the article discusses the condition of Grudziadz monuments after the war and the extent of their reconstruction. Grudziadz belonged to the cities with the largest scale of destruction. The medieval urban layout suffered, and some quarters of buildings with historic tenements were destroyed. Historic granaries, churches and monastery buildings located within the Old Town were also partially destroyed. The buildings of the adjacent Toruńskie Suburb were almost completely destroyed. During the reconstruction, attempts were made to recreate the former appearance of the buildings, and where it was impossible, new objects stylistically referring to historical forms were introduced, with maximum preservation of the old layout. These works were part of the aforementioned monument conservation program. Thanks to these efforts, a clear layout of the medieval Old Town together with the surrounding city walls and important sacred buildings, monastery buildings, the Vistula granaries and former residential buildings has been preserved in Grudziądz. Some of the buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries in the area of historic suburbs have also survived. The summary also indicates the great importance of the activities of conservation authorities conducting research and inventory work on historic buildings and creating databases of monuments.

• Wydawca: Muzeum w Grudziądzu
• Czasopismo: Rocznik Grudziądzki
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: 28
• Strony: 185-219

Daty

wydano

2020

Twórcy

autor

Fijałkowska Izabela