Military Spending and CO2 Emissions: Empirical Findings from Countries with Highest Per Capita Military Spending

• Autorzy: Waldemar Tarczyński , Łukasz Roman , Raufhon Salahodjaev , Sardor Azam
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study aims to contribute to existing research on CO2 emissions by focusing on military spending. We use data from 47 countries with the highest levels of per capita military spending over the period from 2000 to 2015. The results from the two-stage GMM estimator suggest a positive relationship between defence spending and CO2 emissions: 1% increase in per capita military spending leads to a 0.05% increase in CO2 emissions per capita. GDP per capita has an inverted U-shaped relationship with CO2 emissions, which confirms the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Renewable energy is also found to mitigate CO2 emissions. Some policy implications of this study are discussed. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Emisja gazów; Energia odnawialna; Wydatki wojskowe

EN

Gas emissions; Renewable energy; Military expenditures

• Czasopismo: Journal of International Studies
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: 16
• Numer: nr 2
• Strony: 211-221

Twórcy

autor

Waldemar Tarczyński

• University of Szczecin, Poland

autor

Łukasz Roman

• University of Justice, Warsaw, Poland

autor

Raufhon Salahodjaev

• Akfa University, Uzbekistan, Tashkent State University of Economics, Uzbeksitan

autor

Sardor Azam

• Akfa University, Uzbekistan

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.14254/2071-8330.2023/16-2/14