The Impact of Organisational Values on the Commercialisation of NGOs : Evidence Based on the Management by Values Theory

• Autorzy: Paweł Mikołajczak

Warianty tytułu

Wpływ wartości organizacyjnych na komercjalizację organizacji pozarządowych : dowody oparte na teorii zarządzania przez wartości

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

Artykuł ma na celu określenie wpływu wartości organizacyjnych na komercjalizację polskich organizacji pozarządowych. Komercjalizacja organizacji pozarządowych jest postrzegana jako przyjmowanie metod rynkowych w procesie zarządzania, świadczenia usług oraz wypełniania misji społecznej. Z kolei wartości wyrażone przez misję społeczną stanowią najważniejsze punkty odniesienia i rdzeń zarządzania organizacjami pozarządowymi. Ponieważ organizacje non-profit są zwykle postrzegane jako oparte na wartościach, których tożsamość jest zakorzeniona w zaspokajaniu potrzeb społeczności, pielęgnują one kulturę zaufania poprzez kształtowanie i wzmacnianie przekonań i wartości wśród interesariuszy. (skrócony abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

This study aims to identify the impact of organisational values on the commercialisation of Polish NGOs. The commercialisation of NGOs is seen as the market methods adoption process of managing, providing services and social mission fulfilling. Values expressed through social missions are the most important reference points and core of NGO management. As non-profit organisations are usually viewed as value-based organisations with their identity rooted in meeting community needs, they cultivate a culture of trust by shaping and strengthening beliefs and values among their stakeholders. (short original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Zarządzanie przez wartość; Organizacje pozarządowe; Komercjalizacja; Proces zarządzania

EN

Management by value; Non-governmental organisation; Commercialization; Management process

• Czasopismo: Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
• Rocznik: 2022
• Numer: vol. 3, t. 360
• Strony: 38-58

Twórcy

autor

Paweł Mikołajczak

• Poznan University of Economics and Business, Poland

Bibliografia

• Abbott G.N., White F.A., Charles M.A. (2005), Linking values and organizational commitment: A correlational and experimental investigation in two organizations, "Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology", vol. 78, pp. 531-551, https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905X26174
• Adam A.M., Shavit T. (2009), Roles and responsibilities of boards of directors revisited in reconciling conflicting stakeholders interests while maintaining corporate responsibility, "Journal of Management & Governance", vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 281-302.
• Adams C., Perlmutter F. (1991), Commercial Venturing and the Transformation of America's Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies, "Non -Profit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly", vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 25-38, https://doi.org/10.1177/089976409102000104
• Al -Khatib A.W., Al-Fawaeer M.A., Alajlouni M.I., Rifai F.A. (2021), Conservative culture, innovative culture, and innovative performance: a multi group analysis of the moderating role of the job type, "International Journal of Innovation Science" [ahead-of -print].
• Amagoh F. (2015), Improving the credibility and effectiveness of non governmental organizations, "Progress in Development Studies", vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 221-239, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1464993415578979
• Baker W.E., Grinstein A., Harmancioglu N. (2016), Whose innovation performance benefits more from external networks: entrepreneurial or conservative firms?, "Journal of Product Innovation Management", vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 104-120.
• Bourne H., Jenkins M. (2013), Organizational Values: A Dynamic Perspective, "Organization studies", vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 495-514, https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840612467155
• Bourne H., Jenkins M., Parry E. (2019), Mapping Espoused Organizational Values, "Journal of Business Ethics", vol. 159, no. 1, pp. 133-148, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3734-9
• Bruce I., Chew C. (2011), Debate: the marketization of the voluntary sector, "Public Money and Management", vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 155-157, https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2011.573216
• Carroll D.A., Stater K.J. (2009), Revenue Diversification in Nonprofit Organizations: Does It Lead to Financial Stability?, "Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory", vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 947-966, https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mun025
• Cheverton J. (2007), Holding Our Own: Value and Performance in Nonprofit Organisations, "Australian Journal of Social Issues", vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 427-436, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1839-4655.2007.tb00068.x
• Child C. (2010), Whither the Turn? The Ambiguous Nature of Nonprofits' Commercial Revenue, "Social Forces", vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 145-162, https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0058
• Choi K.J., Mirabella R. (2020), Beyond Codes: Values, virtues, and nonprofit ethics, [in:] H. Anheier, S. Toepler (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Nonprofit Management, Routledge, London, pp. 165-176, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315181011-14
• Civic Europe (n.d.), https://civic-europe.eu/capacity-building/poland/ [accessed: 30.07.2022].
• Davis G.F., Kim S. (2015), Financialization of the Economy, "Annual Review of Sociology", vol. 41, pp. 203-221, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112402
• Deszczyński B., Mikołajczak P., Ziomek A. (2019), Volunteering and sustainable growth of social enterprises. Lessons from scouting organizations, [in:] A.P. Balcerzak, I. Pietryka (eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Entrepreneurship and Management, Contemporary Issues in Economy, Instytut Badań Gospodarczych, Toruń, pp. 9-47.
• Dolan S.L., Altman Y. (2012), Managing by values: The leadership spirituality connection, "People & Strategy", vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 20-27.
• Dolan S.L., Garcia S. (2000), Managing by Values in the Next Millennium: Cultural Redesign for Strategic Organizational Change, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.237628
• Dolan S.L., Garcia S. (2002), Managing by values: Cultural redesign for strategic organizational change at the dawn of the twenty first century, "Journal of Management Development", vol. 21, issue 2, pp. 101-117, https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710210417411
• Dolan S.L., Richley B.A. (2006), Managing by values (MBV): a new philosophy for a new economic order, "Handbook of Business Strategy", vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 235-238, https://doi.org/10.1108/10775730610618873
• Dolan S.L., Raich M., Garti A., Landau A. (2020), "The COVID-19 Crisis" as an Opportunity for Introspection: A Multi level Reflection on Values, Needs, Trust and Leadership in the Future, "The European Business Review", vol. 1, no. 17, https://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/the-c ovid-19 -crisis -as -an -opportunity-for -introspection/ [accessed: 30.07.2022].
• Ebrahim A. (2003), Accountability in Practice: Mechanisms for NGOs, "World Development", vol. 31, pp. 813-829, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00014-7
• Eikenberry A.M., Kluver J.D. (2004), The Marketization of the Nonprofit Sector: Civil Society at Risk?, "Public Administration Review", vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 132-140, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2004.00355.x
• Evans B., Richmond T., Shields J. (2005), Structuring Neoliberal Governance: The Nonprofit Sector, Emerging New Modes of Control and the Marketisation of Service Delivery, "Policy and Society", vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 73-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1449-4035(05)70050-3
• Fitzgerald A., Hamilton K. (2006), Managing ethics and social responsibility: creating the sustainable corporation, [in:] P. Murray, D. Poole, G. Jones (eds.), Contemporary Issues in Management and Organisational Behaviour, Thomson, Andover, pp. 194-221.
• Foster W., Bradach J. (2005), Should nonprofits seek profits?, "Harvard Business Review", vol. 83, pp. 92-100.
• Froelich K.A. (1999), Diversification of Revenue Strategies: Evolving Resource Dependence in Nonprofit Organizations, "Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly", vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 246-268, https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764099283002
• Garti A., Dolan S.L. (2019), "Managing by Values" (MBV): Innovative tools for successful micro behavioural conduct, "European Business Review", https://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/managing-by -values -mbv -innovative-tools -for -successful-micro -behavioural-conduct/[accessed: 30.07.2022].
• Gorenak M., Košir S. (2012), The Importance of Organizational Values for Organization, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239807972_The_Importance_of_Organizational_Values_for_Organization [accessed: 30.07.2022].
• Gras D., Mendoza-Abarca K.I. (2014), Risky business? The survival implications of exploiting commercial opportunities by nonprofits, "Journal of Business Venturing", vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 392-404, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.05.003
• Grønbjerg K.A. (1998), Markets, politics, and charity: Nonprofits in the political economy, [in:] W.W. Powell, E. Clemens (eds.), Private action and the public good, Yale University Press, New Haven, pp. 137-150.
• Guo B. (2006), Charity for Profit? Exploring Factors Associated with the Commercialization of Human Service Nonprofits, "Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly", vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 123-138, https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764005282482
• Henderson A.C., Sowa J. (2019), Volunteer satisfaction at the boundary of public and nonprofit: Organizational and individual level determinants, "Public Performance & Management Review", vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 162-189, https://doi.org/10.1080/15309576.2018.1471405
• Hung C., Wang L. (2021), Institutional Constraints, Market Competition and Revenue Strategies: Evidence from Canadian Social Enterprises, "VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations", vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 165-177, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-020-00300 -y
• Jaakson K. (2010), Management by values: are some values better than others?, "Journal of management Development", vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 795-806, https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711011072504
• Jain A. (2020), Organizational Values, HR Bundles & Collaboration with Nonprofit Organizations: A Conceptual Framework, "Indian Journal of Industrial Relations", vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 426-440.
• Jeavons T.H. (1992), When management is the message: Relating values to management practice in nonprofit organizations, "Nonprofit Management & Leadership", vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 403-417, https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.4130020407
• Jeavons T.H. (2016), Ethical Nonprofit Management: Core Values and Key Practices, [in:] D.O. Renz, R.D. Herman (eds.), The Jossey Bass Handbook of Nonprofit Leadership and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, pp. 188-216, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119176558.ch7
• Jensen P.R. (2018), People Can't Believe We exist!: Social Sustainability and Alternative Nonprofit Organizing, "Critical Sociology", vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 375-388, https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920517691106
• Kerlin J.A., Pollak T.H. (2011), Nonprofit Commercial Revenue: A Replacement for Declining Government Grants and Private Contributions?, "American Review of Public Administration", vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 686-704, https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074010387293
• Khieng S., Dahles H. (2015), Commercialization in the Non Profit Sector: The Emergence of Social Enterprise in Cambodia, "Journal of Social Entrepreneurship", vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 218-243, https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2014.954261
• Laloux F. (2015), Reinventing Organizations: ein Leitfaden zur Gestaltung sinnstiftender Formen der Zusammenarbeit, Vahlen, München.
• Lee C. (2021), Factors influencing the credibility of performance measurement in nonprofits, "International Review of Public Administration", vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 156-174, https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2021.1884342
• Levänen J., Lindeman S., Halme M., Tervo M., Lyytinen T. (2022), Bridging divergent institutional logics through intermediation practices: Insights from a developing country context, "Technological Forecasting and Social Change", vol. 176, pp. 121-443, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121443
• Levine D.J., Eckerd A. (2019), Organizational sensegiving: Indicators and nonprofit signaling, "Nonprofit Management and Leadership", vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 213-231, https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21383
• Maier F., Meyer M., Steinbereithner M. (2016), Nonprofit Organizations Be Coming Business Like a Systematic Review, "Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly", vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 64-86, https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764014561796
• Malloy D.C., Agarwal J. (2008), Ethical Climate in Government and Nonprofit Sectors: Public Policy Implications for Service Delivery, "Journal of Business Ethics", vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 3-21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9777-1
• Mikołajczak P. (2018), The impact of the diversification of revenues on NGOs' Commercialization: evidence from Poland, "Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy", vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 761-779, https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2018.037
• Mikołajczak P. (2020), Social Enterprises' Hybridity in the Concept of Institutional Logics: Evidence from Polish NGOs, "VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations", vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 472-483, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-020-00195-9
• Mikołajczak P. (2021a), Do Nonprofit Organizations Experience Precarious Employment? The Impact of NGO Commercialization, "Public Organization Review", vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 595-609, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00512-w
• Mikołajczak P. (2021b), How do barriers to the activities of social enterprises affect their financial situation? Evidence based on data from Poland and resource mobilization theory, "Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies", vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 93-110, https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-07-2020-0217
• Mikołajczak P., Bajak P. (2021), Does NGOs' Commercialization Affect Volunteer Work? The Crowding out or Crowding in Effect, "Public Organization Review", vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 103-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-020-00478-1
• Miles N. (2021), The Exploration of Public Service Motivation in Staff Members Working in Skid Row Human Service Nonprofits, Doctoral dissertation, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago.
• Miller -Stevens K., Taylor J.A., Morris J.C., Lanivich S.E. (2018), Assessing Value Differences Between Leaders of Two Social Venture Types: Benefit Corporations and Nonprofit Organizations, "VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations", vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 938-950, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-017-9947-9
• Moore M.H. (2000), Managing for Value: Organizational Strategy in for Profit, Nonprofit, and Governmental Organizations, "Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly", vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 183-204, https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764000291s009
• Nooteboom B. (2005), Trust, institutions and development, Tilburg University, Tilburg.
• O'Reilly C.A., Chatman J.A. (1996), Culture as social control: Corporations, cults, and commitment, [in:] B.M. Staw, L.L. Cummings (eds.), Research in organizational behavior: An annual series of analytical essays and critical reviews, vol. 18, Elsevier Science, JAI Press, London, pp. 157-200, http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/chatman/papers/30_cultureassocialcontrol.pdf [accessed: 30.07.2022].
• O'Reilly C.A. III, Chatman J., Caldwell D.F. (1991), People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person organization fit, "Academy of Management Journal", vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 487-516, https://sci-hub.se/10.5465/256404 [accessed: 30.07.2022].
• Prilleltensky I . (2000), Value based leadership in organizations: Balancing values, interests, and power among citizens, workers, and leaders, "Ethics & Behavior", vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 139-158.
• Reisman L.M. (2018), Managing amidst mosaic: Integrating values and rationalization in the nonprofit arts, "Nonprofit Management and Leadership", vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 453-470, https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21300
• Salamon L.M. (1993), The Marketization of Welfare: Changing Nonprofit and For Profit Roles in the American Welfare State, "The Social Service Review", vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 16-39, https://doi.org/10.1086/603963
• Sanders M.L., McClellan J.G. (2014), Being business like while pursuing a social mission: acknowledging the inherent tensions in US nonprofit organizing, "Organization", vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 68-89, https://doi.org/10.1177/1350508412464894
• Schein E.H. (2004), Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey -Bass, San Francisco.
• Schultz C., Einwiller S., Seiffert-Brockmann J., Weitzl W. (2019), When Reputation Influences Trust in Nonprofit Organizations. The Role of Value Attachment as Moderator, "Corporate Reputation Review", vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 159-170, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-019-00067-z
• Simpson M., Cheney G. (2007), Marketization, participation, and communication within New Zealand retirement villages: a critical rhetorical and discursive analysis, "Discourse & Communication", vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 191-222, https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481307076006
• Slatten L.A., Bendickson J.S., Diamond M., McDowell W.C. (2021), Staffing of small nonprofit organizations: A model for retaining employees, "Journal of Innovation & Knowledge", vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 50-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2020.10.003
• Steen -Johnsen K., Enjolras B. (2011), Norway: Towards a Volatile Civil Society?, [in:] F. Wijkström, A. Zimmer (eds.), Nordic Civil Society at a Cross Roads. Transforming the Popular Movement Tradition, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Baden-Baden, pp. 55-73, https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845231624-55
• Strickland R.A., Vaughan S.K. (2008), The Hierarchy of Ethical Values in Non Profit Organizations, "Public Integrity", vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 233-521, https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922100303
• Stride H., Higgs M. (2013), An Investigation Into the Relationship Between Values and Commitment: A Study of Staff in the UK Charity Sector, "Nonproft and Voluntary Sector Quarterly", vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 455-479, https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764012472066
• Suykens B., Verschuere B. (2021), Nonprofit Commercialization, [in:] R.A. List, H.K. Anheier, S. Toepler (eds.), International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, Springer, New York, pp. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_540-1
• Suykens B., De Rynck F., Verschuere B. (2019a), Examining the influence of organizational characteristics on nonprofit commercialization, "Nonprofit Management and Leadership", vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 339-351, https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21384
• Suykens B., De Rynck F., Verschuere B. (2019b), Nonprofit organizations in between the nonprofit and market spheres: Shifting goals, governance and management?, "Nonprofit Management and Leadership", vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 623-636, https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21347
• Suykens B., George B., De Rynck F., Verschuere B. (2021), Determinants of non profit commercialism. Resource deficits, institutional pressures or organizational contingencies?, "Public Management Review", vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1456-1478, https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2020.1764083
• Tuckman H.P. (1998), Competition, commercialization, and the evolution of nonprofit organizational structures, "Journal of Policy Analysis and Management: The Journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management", vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 175-194.
• Vaceková G., Valentinov S., Nemec J. (2017), Rethinking non profit commercialization: the case of the Czech Republic, "VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations", vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2103-2123, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-016-9772-6
• Vander -Velde A. (2020), Why People work for Nonprofits: The Biases and Effect of Staff Retention within a Boys and Girls Club in Western Michigan, "Senior Independent Study Theses", vol. 8983.
• Vidal P., Valls N., Grabulosa L. (2008), Values as a distinguishing element in nonprofit organizations, ISTR 8th International Conference, Observatorio del Tercer Sector, Barcelona, pp. 1-18.
• Voss G.B., Cable D.M., Voss Z.G. (2000), Linking Organizational Values to Relationships with External Constituents: A Study of Nonproft Professional Theatres, "Organization Science", vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 330-347, https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.11.3.330.12497
• Williams S. (2011), Engaging values in international business practice, "Business Horizons", vol. 54, issue 4, pp. 315-324, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.02.004
• Zander L., Jonsen K., Mockaitis A.I. (2016), Leveraging Values in Global Organizations: Premises, Paradoxes and Progress, "Management International Review", vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 149-169, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-015-0277-0
• Zhang Y., Dolan S., Zhou Y. (2009), Management by values: A theoretical proposal for strategic human resource management in China, "Chinese Management Studies", vol. 4, issue 3, pp. 272-294, https://doi.org/10.1108/17506140911007468

Identyfikatory

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.360.03