Coherence on Trial: The Coronavirus Outbreak as a Critical Test for the European Union

• Autorzy: Goran Ilik , Vesna Shapkoski
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Starting in Wuhan in December 2019, and making its way all the way to Rome and New York in April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has put the states, alliances and others, square in the face of a serious challenge. However, the question that happens to be a stumbling block this time has never been posed as a problem or obstacle before - the question of public health; a question that has taught the European Union a lesson about what is a top priority and how all the other policies, plans and strategies may seem unimportant overnight. This paper provides an analysis on how the European Union coped with the global threat given its limited legal possibilities, and the unprecedented situation of its Member States becoming the second outbreak point of the pandemic. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic, once again, has opened up the question of solidarity and the coherence within the EU. The conclusions drawn from this research are of great importance as a way to show whether the EU will come out of this situation with a positive outcome, confirming its values of solidarity and coherence, or whether it will have to undertake drastic reforms in order to consolidate the latter.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

COVID-19; Sytuacje kryzysowe; Pandemia

EN

COVID-19; Crisis situations; Pandemic

• Czasopismo: Studia Europejskie / Centrum Europejskie Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
• Rocznik: 2020
• Numer: nr 4
• Strony: 25-43

Twórcy

autor

Goran Ilik

• University 'St. Kliment Ohridski' - Bitola (Republic of Macedonia)

autor

Vesna Shapkoski

• University 'St. Kliment Ohridski' - Bitola (Republic of Macedonia)

Bibliografia

• Besser L., Italy's coronavirus disaster: At first, officials urged people to go out for an aperitif. Now, doctors must choose who dies, ABC News, https:// www.abc.net.au/news/2020-03-18/what-went-wrong-with-how-italyhandled-coronavirus/12062242 (access 24.07.2020).
• Borrel J., The post-coronavirus world is already here (policy brief), https://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/the_post_coronavirus_world_is_already_here?fbclid=IwAR0Xe0wdTnUxUiOrN1k790HIxYFW1Ddj1vcJx_NeS09jvnBgpH0cDU3bSpg (access 24.07.2020).
• Cambridge Dictionary, 2019, https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/coherence (access 8.10.2020).
• Castaldi R., Europe needs initiative and leadership to overcome the crisis, Centro studis ul federalismo, "Perspectives of federalism", vol. 2, issue 1/2020.
• CGTN, ed., The lockdown: One month in Wuhan (motion picture), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU9FVqwO4TM&t=199s (access 10.08.2020).
• Council of the European Union, Tackling COVID-19: Council adoptsamended EU budget for 2020, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/04/14/tackling-covid-19-council-adopts-amendedeu-budget-for-2020/ (access 10.08.2020).
• Crossman A., Snowball Sample. About. com Sociology, http://sociology. about.com/od/Types-of-Samples/a/Snowball-Sample.htm (access 8.10.2020).
• Cue C.E., More Spanish politicians confirm they have been infected with the coronavirus, El Pais, https://english.elpais.com/society/2020-03-13/more-spanish-politicians-confi rm-they-have-been-infected-with-thecoronavirus.html (access 10.08.2020).
• Eurogroup, Report on the comprehensive economic policy response to the COVID19 pandemic, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2020/04/09/report-on-the-comprehensive-economic-policy-responseto-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (access 24.07.2020).
• European Commission, Solidarity in Europe - Alive and active (policy review), https://ec.europa.eu/research/social-sciences/pdf/policy_reviews/solidarity_in_europe.pdf (access 24.07.2020).
• Gill J., EU Commission President offers 'heartfelt apology' to Italy, as MEPs debate coronavirus response, Euronews, https://www.euronews.com/ 2020/04/16/eu-commission-president-offers-heartfelt-apology-to-italy (access 10.08.2020).
• Grajauskas R., Federal Europe: A Postmodern Force in International Relations?, http://www.federalistdebate.org/index.php/component/k2/item/63-federal-europe-a-postmodern-force-in-international-relations (access 10.07.2011).
• Hill C., Smith M., International relations and the European Union, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011.
• Keisala K., The EU as an international actor: Strengthens of the European civilian power, PhD diss., University of Tampere: Faculty of Social Sciences, 2014, https://trepo.tuni.fi /bitstream/handle/10024/67439/951-44-6157-6.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (access 24.07.2020).
• Lexico, 2019, https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/coherence (access 8.10.2020).
• Lowen M., Coronavirus: Northern Italy quarantines 16 million people, BBC Network, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51787238 (access 10.08.2020).
• Malle V., Khalaf R., Macron warns of EU unravelling unless it embraces financial solidarity, Financial Times, https://www.ft.com/content/d19dc7a6-c33b-4931-9a7e-4a74674da29a (access 10.08.2020).
• Merriam-Webster Dictionary, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coherence (access 8.10.2020).
• Meyer-Resende M., Fournier T., The rule of law stress test - EU Member States responses to COVID-19, Democracy Reporting International, https://democracy-reporting.org/dri_publications/the-rule-of-law-stress-testeu-member-states-responses-to-covid-19/ (access 8.10.2020).
• Montchali A. de(twitter status),https://twitter.com/AdeMontchalin/status/1244232500827885568?ref_src=twsrc tfw twcamp tweetembed twterm 1244232500827885568 twgr &ref= (access 10.08.2020).
• Papagianneas S., What future for the Future of Europe Conference? (opinion), EU Observer, https://euobserver.com/opinion/148322?fbclid=IwAR3or4eDLmRvUal7V84Zg-hn7PZa66BZVEd-qwBLurjE8pahBL5rDdI8EEk (access 24.07.2020).
• Rios B. et al., Leaders clash over stimulus against pandemic, pass hot potato to Eurogroup, Euractiv, https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/leaders-clash-over-stimulus-against-pandemic-pass-the-hot-potato-to-the-eurogroup/ (access 24.07.2020).
• Robinet-Borgomano A., The Paradoxes of a Post-Covid-19 World: Threequestions to Ivan Krastev, Institut Montaigne, https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/blog/paradoxes-post-covid-19-world (access 24.07.2020).
• Rodriguez E., Thousands March in Spain on Women's Day Despite Coronavirus Fears, US News, https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-3-08/thousands-march-in-spain-on-womens-day-despite-coronavirus-fears (access 24.07.2020).
• Rolfe P., Morris L., Spain goes on nationwide lockdown as coronavirus casessurge, Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/eu-rope/coronavirus-spain-nationwide-lockdown/2020/03/14/3bec8690-6619-11ea-8a8e-5c5336b32760_story.html (access 24.07.2020).
• Sassoli D.(twitter status), https://twitter.com/EP_President/status/1243930262720962562?ref_src=twsrc tfw twcamp tweetembed twterm 1243930262720962562 twgr &ref= (access 24.07.2020).
• Schencker L., Villagomez J., First US person-to-person case of coronavirus reported in Chicago. 'We believe people in Illinois are at low risk', Chicago Tribune, https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-illinois-spreadperson-to-person-coronavirus-20200130-yqbxfhqotvagdmvc5ibgvvwugy-story.html (access 24.07.2020).
• Thaler P., Un-packing Coherence in EU Foreign Policy: How Policy Setting and Policy Content Shape EU External Relations Towards Russia, PhD diss., Central European University: Doctoral School of Political Science, Public Policy and International Relations, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/578b/62c4017ce78c1928a3c98cda5746bc55d0db.pdf?_ga=2.171243043.223076566.1572551180-586721100.1572551180 (access 24.07.2020).
• Vallée S., Schwarzer D., How leaders can stop corona from undermining the EU (policy brief), https://dgap.org/sites/default/fi les/article_pdfs/dgappolicy_brief-2020-06_0.pdf (access 24.07.2020).
• Vestager M., The European Response to the Covid-19 Virus, ICDS, International Center for Defense and Security, https://icds.ee/the-europeanresponse-to-the-covid-19-virus/ (access 24.07.2020).
• World Health Organization, COVID 19 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) (Publication), https://www.who.int/ publications/m/item/covid-19-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern-(pheic)-global-research-and-innovation-forum (access24.07.2020).
• Zhelyazkova A., Bølstad J., Meijers M.J., Understanding responsiveness in European Union politics: introducing the debate, "Journal of European Public Policy", 26:11, DOI: 10.1080/13501763.2019.1668046.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.33067/SE.4.2020.2