Analysis of the Causes of Conflicts at Universities and Alternative Methods of Resolving Them. Part I: Mediation in Academic Disputes

• Autorzy: Ewa Gmurzyńska

Warianty tytułu

Analiza przyczyn konfliktów na uczelniach wyższych i alternatywne sposoby ich rozwiązywania. Część I. Mediacja w sporach akademickich

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

Opracowanie składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza część jest analizą przyczyn powstawania coraz większej liczby konfliktów na uniwersytetach, wynikających zarówno z czynników zewnętrznych związanych z kryzysami XXI w., jak i z przyczyn wewnętrznych, tj. z charakteru uczelni wyższych, coraz większej złożoności problemów powstających na uniwersytetach oraz ze zmieniającej się ich roli w społeczeństwie. Jedną z przyczyn tych konfliktów jest traktowanie uczelni wyższych jako dostawców usług, co jest wynikiem zmiany w pojmowaniu roli uniwersytetu. Takie podejście powoduje nie tylko powstawanie konfliktów, lecz także coraz częstsze odwoływanie się przez studentów, którzy rozumieją swoją rolę jako konsumentów, do procedur formalnych, jakimi są postępowania sądowe. W związku z taką tendencją uniwersytety w wielu krajach wprowadzają lub rozważają wprowadzenie alternatywnych metod rozwiązywania sporów (ADR), które stanowią tańszą i szybszą alternatywę dla postępowań sądowych czy dyscyplinarnych oraz uwzględniają ważny element misji uniwersytetów polegający na edukacji studentów w duchu poszanowania i tolerancji dla drugiej strony, a także wybierają takie metody, w których strony mają możliwość wpływu na przebieg i rozwiązanie sporu. W artykule poddano analizie najczęściej wykorzystywaną na świecie formę ADR w sporach akademickich w postaci mediacji. Metoda ta doskonale wpisuje się w ideę autonomicznego i niezależnego uniwersytetu. Mimo to jest na razie wykorzystywana w szerokim zakresie tylko w niektórych krajach. Przedstawiona analiza może stanowić podstawę dla ważnej refleksji nad bardziej powszechnym wprowadzeniem tej metody na uniwersytetach na całym świecie, ponieważ nie jest ona przypisana do jednego systemu prawnego. W drugiej części opracowania autorka przenalizuje stosowanie postępowania przed sądami w rozwiązywaniu sporów akademickich, instytucję rzecznika akademickiego oraz formy mieszane i adiukacyjne stosowane w sporach akademickich. (abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

This article consists of two parts. The first part analyzes the causes of an increasing number of disputes at universities, resulting both from external factors related to the crises of the 21st century and from internal factors, i.e. the nature of universities, the increasing complexity of problems arising at universities and the changing role of universities in society. One of the reasons for the increased number of conflicts is the treatment of universities as service providers, which is a result of a change in understanding the role of universities. Students understand their role as consumers and this change alone causes an increased number of formal proceedings against universities. In response to this trend, universities in many countries are introducing or considering alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods, which are less expensive and faster alternatives to litigation or disciplinary proceedings, and include an important element of universities' mission of educating students in a spirit of respect and tolerance for the other party, and also choose methods in which the parties have the opportunity to influence the resolution of the dispute. The article analyzes mediation which is the most frequently used method of ADR in different countries in academic disputes. Although mediation, according to the analysis carried out in the article, perfectly fits into the idea of an autonomous and independent university, it is thus far widely used only in some countries. The analysis of the application of mediation in certain countries may be an important reflection on the more widespread introduction of this method at universities in other countries partiuculary because mediation is not confined to one legal system. In the second part of the study, the author analyzes the use of court proceedings in resolving academic disputes, the institution of an academic ombudsman, as well as mixed and adjudicatory methods of solving conflicts in higher education. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Szkolnictwo wyższe; Mediacje; Pozasądowe rozwiązywanie sporów; Konflikty społeczne

EN

Higher education; Mediation; Alternative dispute resolution (ADR); Social conflicts

• Czasopismo: Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
• Rocznik: 2021
• Numer: Vol. 30, nr 1
• Strony: 55-101

Twórcy

autor

Ewa Gmurzyńska

• University of Warsaw, Poland

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17951/sil.2021.30.1.55-101