The End Goal of the Post-Communist Transition in Bulgaria: Societal Transformation Or EU Membership?

• Autorzy: Lubomira Popova

Warianty tytułu

Końcowy cel transformacji postkomunistycznej w Bułgarii: transformacja społeczna czy członkostwo w UE?

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

Zakończenie zimnej wojny zaowocowało bezprecedensową sytuacją geopolityczną w Europie, stanowiącą wyzwanie dla bezpieczeństwa na kontynencie i dla dotychczasowej integracji europejskiej. Jedynym rozwiązaniem tego geopolitycznego problemu była integracja postkomunistycznych krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (EŚW) z Unią Europejską (UE). Kraje EŚW musiały więc przejść głębokie reformy społeczno-gospodarcze, jednocześnie realizując nowy program polityki zagranicznej z dala od orbity Rosji. UE była postrzegana jako rozwiązanie na wszystkie istniejące problemy. Zaprezentowane w niniejszym artykule badania, przeprowadzone w Bułgarii, wskazują, że przygotowanie do spełnienia kryteriów członkostwa, które z pozoru odpowiadały celom transformacji, zastąpiło odpowiednią reformę strukturalną. Tym samym przystąpienie do UE, zamiast być instrumentem osiągania trwałych, długoterminowych celów, stało się celem samym w sobie, jak gdyby miało być międzynarodowym potwierdzeniem udanej transformacji. Spowodowało to w efekcie, że przeprowadzone reformy stały się formalnością, były częściowe i powierzchowne, a co za tym idzie odwracalne. W wyniku następuje pogorszenie rządów prawa i obserwujemy fasadową demokrację.(abstrakt oryginalny)

EN

The end of the Cold War resulted in an unprecedented geopolitical situation in Europe, presenting a challenge to the security in the continent and the integration achieved so far. The only solution to this geopolitical problem was the integration of the post-communist Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) into the European Union (EU). The CEE countries therefore had to undergo deep societal reforms, while simultaneously pursuing a new foreign policy agenda away from the orbits of Russia. The EU was perceived as a solution to all existing problems. The results of the research conducted in Bulgaria, presented in this article, demonstrate that preparation for meeting the membership criteria which on the surface seemed to correspond to the aims of the transition, substituted the due structural reform. Thus, the EU accession instead of being an instrument for achieving sustainable long-term goals, became an end goal in itself, as if it would be an international testimony of a successful transition. The reforms carried out became a formality, were partial and superficial, and therefore reversible. As a result, the rule of law is deteriorating, and we can observe a facade democracy.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Europeizacja; Integracja gospodarcza państw z UE; Integracja społeczna

EN

Europeanisation; Economic integration with the EU countries; Social integration

• Czasopismo: Przegląd Europejski
• Rocznik: 2020
• Numer: nr 4
• Strony: 79-94

Twórcy

autor

Lubomira Popova

• Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" (Sofia, Bulgaria)

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Identyfikatory

DOI

10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.20.6