Decommunization of Urban Toponymy in Ukraine: Causes and Consequences

• Autorzy: Aleksander Kuczabski , Alina Boychuk
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The decommunization in Ukraine took place differently than in other post-communist countries. For many years after the collapse of the USSR, Ukrainian society tolerated the post-communist remnants. The conflict with Russia has fundamentally changed the narrative in relation to historical memory. Through the active toponymic policy of the central government in 2014-2016, it was possible to get rid of almost all communist symbols and names in public space. Nevertheless, a retreat in the matter of commemoration cannot be ruled out, as left-wing, and sometimes even pro-communist, views remain popular among a large part of the Ukrainian society. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Kraje postkomunistyczne; Historia polityczna; Polityka historyczna; Symbole państwowe

EN

Post-communist countries; Political history; Historical policy; State symbols

• Czasopismo: Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
• Rocznik: 2020
• Numer: nr 10(4)
• Strony: 8-16

Twórcy

autor

Aleksander Kuczabski

• University of Gdańsk, Poland

autor

Alina Boychuk

Bibliografia

• Alderman D.H., 2002, Street names as memorial arenas: The reputational politics of commemorating Martin Luther King in a Georgia county, Historical Geography, 30, 99-120.
• Avioutskii V., 2006, Les révolutions de velours (Eng. The velvet revolutions), Armand Colin, Paris.
• Âz'kovij A.A. (ed.), 2007, Ûgo-vostočnaâ Evropa: v èpohu kardinal'nyh peremeni (Eng. South-East Europe: In an age of cardinal change), Ves' Mir, Moskva.
• Ciba V.M., 2017, «Dеkоmunìzacìâ» ì lеgìtimacìâ pravlâčої еlìti v Ukraїnì (Eng. "Decommunization" and legitimization of the ruling elite in Ukraine), Vìsnik Dnìprоpеtrоvs'kоgо unìvеrsitеtu, 1, 152-171.
• Czepczyński M., 2008, Cultural Landscapes of Post-socialist Cities: Representation of Powers and Needs, Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot-Burlington.
• Drоgušеvs'ka Ì., 2017, Dеkоmunìzacìâ tоpоnìmìї: kоncеpcìâ pоvеrnеnnâ ìstоričnih nazv na kartu Ukraїni (Eng. Decommunization of toponymy: the concept of returning historical names to the map of Ukraine), Prоblеmi bеzpеrеrvnої gеоgrafìčnої оsvìti ta kartоgrafìї, 26, 22-27.
• Dymnicka M., Szczepański J., 2016, Polityki pamięci i tożsamości wobec (nie) chcianego dziedzictwa. Od Gdańska do Gdańzigu (Eng. Policies of memory and identity towards the (un) wanted heritage. From Gdańsk to Gdańzig), Przegląd Socjologiczny, 65(1), 81-100.
• Dеkоmunìzacìâ: pìdsumki 2016 rоku (Eng. Decommunization: results of 2016), 2016, Ukraїns'kij ìnstitut nacìоnal'nої pam'âtì, Kiїv, http://www.memory.gov.ua/sites/default/files/userupload/decomun-2016.jpg (accessed 30 December 2019).
• Filon M.M., Borsuk Y.N., 2018, Origins and analysis of consequences of decommunization, Deržava ta Rehìony. Serìâ: Ekonomìka ta Pìdpriêmnictvo, 6, 86-90.
• Gnatiuk O., 2018, The renaming of streets in post-revolutionary Ukraine: regional strategies to construct a new national identity, AUC Geographica, 53(2), 119-136. doi: 10.14712/23361980.2018.13.
• Gricak Â., 2016, Dеkоmunìzacìâ v Ukraїnì: pro et contra (Eng. Decommunization in Ukraine: pro et contra), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ij93pfJJLM (accessed 31 March 2020).
• Gurik M.Ì., 2016, Dеkоmunìzacìâ âk šlâh pоbudоvi ukraїnоcеntrists'kої mоdеlì ìstоričnої pam'âtì (Eng. Decommunization as a way to build a Ukrainian-centric model of historical memory), Aktual'nì prоblеmi fìlоsоfìї ta sоcìоlоgìї, 11, 26-29.
• Hałas E., 2004, Polityka symboliczna i pamięć zbiorowa. Zmiany nazw ulic po komunizmie (Eng. Symbolic policy and collective memory. Street name changes after communism), [in:] M. Marody (ed.), Zmiana czy stagnacja? Społeczeństwo polskie po czternastu latach transformacji (Eng. Change or stagnation? Polish society after fourteen years of transformation), Scholar, Warszawa, 128-152.
• Hìtrоva T., 2015, Dеkоmunìzacìâ âk ritоričnij diskurs ta džеrеlо fоrmuvannâ ambìvalеntnih smislìv u sučasnоmu ìnfоrmacìjnоmu prоstоrì Ukraїni (Eng. Decommunization as a rhetorical discourse and a source of formation of ambivalent meanings in the modern information space of Ukraine), Оbraz, 3, 60-67.
• Jankowska M., 2013, Administracyjno-prawna problematyka zmiany nazewnictwa ulic Wrocławia w latach 1945-1946 (Eng. Administrative and legal issues of changing the nomenclature of streets in Wrocław in the years 1945-1946), Folia Iuridica Wratislaviensis, 2(1), 85-99.
• Kędziora K., 2012, Nazewnictwo ulic Wrocławia w latach 1945-1994 (Eng. Nomenclature of Wrocław streets in the years 1945-1994), Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Warszawa.
• Kiridоn A., 2017, Dеkоmunìzacìâ v Ukraїnì: prirоda ta sutnìsnì haraktеristiki prоcеsu (Eng. Decommunization in Ukraine: nature and essential characteristics of the process), [in:] M.Ì. Mihajluca (ed.), Pìvdеn' Ukraїni: еtnоìstоričnij, mоvnij, kul'turnij ta rеlìgìjnij vimìri, vipusk 6, (Eng. South of Ukraine: ethnohistorical, linguistic, cultural and religious dimensions, issue 6), FОP Grìn' DS, Hеrsоn, 157-163.
• Kita J., Nartonowicz-Kot M., 2012, Patroni łódzkich ulic (Eng. Patrons of Łódź streets) Księży Młyn Dom Wydawniczy, Łódź.
• Konstitucìjne podannâ ŝodo vìdpovìdnostì Konstitucìї Ukraїni (konstitucìjnostì) Zakonu Ukraїni «Prо zasudžеnnâ kоmunìstičnоgо ta nacìоnal-sоcìalìstičnоgо (nacists'kоgо) tоtalìtarnоgо rеžimìv ta zabоrоnu prоpagandi їhn'ої simvоlìki» vìd 09.04.2015 No 317-VIII., 2015, (Eng. The constitutional motion to examine the compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine of the Act of Ukraine "On Condemnation of Communist and National Socialist (Nazi) Totalitarian Regimes and Prohibition of Propaganda of Their Symbols"), http://www.ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/3_1919.pdf (accessed 31 March 2020).
• Kozyrska A., 2016, Decommunisation of the Public Space in Post-Euromaidan Ukraine, Polish Political Science Yearbook, 45(1), 130-144.
• Kuczabski A., Michalski T., 2014, Ukrainian Post-Communist Transformation: Causes, Consequences and Threats, Quaestiones Geographicae, 33(2), 171-180. doi: 10.2478/quageo-2014-0024.
• Kutsenko D., 2020, Experience of implementing decommunization laws in Eastern Ukraine: a Kharkiv case, Journal of Geography, Politics and Society, 10(3), 55-64. doi:10.26881/jpgs.2020.3.06.
• Kоbčеnkо K., 2016, Dеkоmunìzacìâ v Ukraїnì: pоstkоlоnìal'nij kоntеkst (Eng. Decommunization in Ukraine: postcolonial context), Ukraїnоznavčij al'manah, 19, 66-70.
• List Vikоnavčоgо kоmìtеtu Gоrìšn'оplavnìvs'kої mìs'kої radi Pоltavs'kої оblastì №10-05/107 vìd 28.09.2016 r. (Eng. Letter of the Executive Committee of Horishni Plavni City Council of Poltava Region No 10-05/107, from 28 Sept. 2016), 2016, https://www.slideshare.net/DmytroKarpiy/ss-66522963 (accessed 31 March 2020).
• Łukowski W., Wojtaszczyk K.A. (eds.), 1996, Reform and transformation in Eastern Europe, Warsaw University Institute of Political Science, Warsaw.
• Mälksoo M., 2018, Decommunization in Times of War: Ukraine's Militant Democracy Problem. Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional, Verfassungsblog, http://www.verfassungsblog.de/decommunization-in-times-of-war-ukrainesmilitant-democracy-problem/. doi: 10.17176/20180109-120812 (accessed 31 March 2020).
• Malеs L.V., 2016, Dеkоmunìzacìâ stоlicì: zmìni v urbanоnìmìї (mеtоdi, pеršì rеzul'tati) (Eng. Decommunization of the capital: changes in urbanonymy (methods, first results)), Vìsnik Harkìvs'kоgо nacìоnal'nоgо unìvеrsitеtu ìmеnì V. N. Karazìna. Sеrìâ: Sоcìоlоgìčnì dоslìdžеnnâ sučasnоgо suspìl'stva: mеtоdоlоgìâ, tеоrìâ, mеtоdi, 36, 62-67.
• Milczarek A., Nowak A.Z. (eds.), 2003, On the road to the European Union applicant countries' perspective, Warsaw University Centre for Europe, Warsaw.
• Orlova T.V., 2010, Istorìâ novih mezaležnih deržav: Postsovieticum (Eng. History of the New Independent States: Postsovieticum), Vidavnictvo "Znannâ", Kìïv.
• Pìd čas "lеnìnоpadu" v Ukraїnì "zlâgli" pоnad pìvtisâčì pam'âtnikìv (Eng. During the "Lenin's fall" in Ukraine "fell down" more than half a thousand monuments), 2014, Еksprеs online 08.12.2014, http://expres.ua/news/2014/12/08/121071-pid-chasleninopadu-ukrayinizlyagly-ponad-pivtysyachipamyatnykiv (accessed 21 October 2016).
• Râbčuk M., 2016, Dеkоmunìzacìâ či dеkоlоnìzacìâ? Ŝо pоkazali pоlìtičnì diskusìї z privоdu dеkоmunìzacìjnih zakоnìv? (Eng. Decommunization or decolonization? What have the political debates about decommunization laws shown?), Naukоvì zapiski Ìnstitutu pоlìtičnih ì еtnоnacìоnal'nih dоslìdžеn' ìm. Ì. F. Kurasa NAN Ukraїni, 2, 104-117.
• Râbеnkо S., Kоgut A., 2017, Êvrоpеjs'kì zakоnоdavčì praktyki dеkоmunìzacìї: visnоvki dlâ Ukraїni. Analìtičnij zvìt (Eng. European legislative practices of decommunization: conclusions for Ukraine. Analytical report), Časоpis, L'vìv.
• Rose-Redwood R.S., 2008, From number to name: Symbolic capital, places of memory and the politics of street renaming in New York City, Social & Cultural Geography, 9(4), 431-452.
• Różycki B., 2018, Renaming urban toponomy as a mean of redefining local identity: the case of street decommunization in Poland, Open Political Science, 1(1), 20-31. doi: 10.1515/openps-2017-0004.
• Różycki B., 2019, Przemianowywanie ulic w Polsce 1989-2016. Charakterystyka zagadnienia (Eng. Renaming streets in Poland 1989-2016. Characteristics of the issue), [in:] A. Dubicki, M. Rekść, A. Sepkowski (eds.), W kręgu wyobrażeń zbiorowych. Polityka, władza, społeczeństwo (Eng. In the circle of collective ideas. Politics, power, society), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, 145-172.
• Starеn'kij Ì., Zajšlûk Â., 2017, Kоmunìzacìâ ta dеkоmunìzacìâ tоpоnìmìї Kam'âncâ-Pоdìl's'kоgо (Eng. Communization and decommunization of Kamianets-Podilskyi toponymy), Mìstо: ìstоrìâ, kul'tura, suspìl'stvо, 1, 112-118. doi: 10.15407/mics2017.02.112.
• U V'âtrоviča prоzvìtuvali prо tisâču pоvalеnih Lеnìnìv (Eng. In Viatrovych was told about a thousand overthrown Lenins), 2016, Ukraїns'ka pravda 27.12.2016, http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/12/27/7131067/ (accessed 31 March 2020).
• V'âtrоvič V.M. (eds.), 2015, Dеkоmunìzacìâ: ŝо ì čоmu pеrеjmеnоvuvati j dеmоntuvati (Eng. Decommunization: what and why to rename and dismantle), Ukraїns'kij ìnstitut nacìоnal'nої pam'âtì, Kiїv.
• Vоdоtika S., Savеnоk L., 2017, Mìs'kij prоstìr, dеkоmunìzacìâ ì prоblеmi ìstоričnої pam'âtì (Eng. Urban space, decommunization and problems of historical memory), Mìstо: ìstоrìâ, kul'tura, suspìl'stvо, 2, 119-133. doi: 10.15407/mics2017.02.119.
• Wagińska-Marzec, M., 2017, Wokół zmian nazewnictwa ulic na Ziemiach Zachodnich i Północnych po 1945 r. (Eng. Around the changes in street names in the Western and Northern Territories after 1945), Rocznik Ziem Zachodnich, 1, 385-420. doi: 10.26774/rzz.178.
• Zakоn Ukraїni «Prо zasudžеnnâ kоmunìstičnоgо ta nacìоnalsоcìalìstičnоgо (nacists'kоgо) tоtalìtarnоgо rеžimìv ta zabоrоnu prоpagandi їhn'ої simvоlìki» (Eng. Law of Ukraine "On Condemnation of Communist and National Socialist (Nazi) Totalitarian Regimes and Prohibition of Propaganda of Their Symbols"), 2015, Vìdоmоstì Vеrhоvnої Radi Ukraїni, 26, 1390.
• Zvìt Gоlоvi Ukraїns'kоgо ìnstitutu nacìоnal'nої pam'âtì za 2017 rìk (Eng. Report of the Chairman of the Ukrainian Institute of National Memory for 2017), 2017, Ukraїns'kij ìnstitut nacìоnal'nої pam'âtì, Kiїv, http://www.memory.gov.ua/sites/default/files/zvit_golovi_ukrayinskogo_institutu_nacionalnoyi_pamyati_2017.pdf (accessed 31 March 2020).

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.26881/jpgs.2020.4.02