Aggravating Uncertainty͵ Russian Information Warfare in the West

• Autorzy: Ireneusz Ciosek
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

According to vast evidence material, Russia actively tries to influence the situation in Western societies by creating and aggravating uncertainty with the usage of weaponized information. It can be treated as an important part of Russian application of sharp power in the West. The purpose of the article is to explore the selected exemplifications of Russian activities and create a map of disruptive operations against the Western "hearts and minds". The main scientific methods used in the study are desk research and content analysis. The employment of these methods is crucial to conduct the study of official Russian documents and identified cases of anti-Western information operations.(original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Polityka zagraniczna; Władza; Niepewność

EN

Foreign policy; Power; Uncertainty

• Czasopismo: Torun International Studies
• Rocznik: 2020
• Numer: nr 1(13)
• Strony: 57-72

Twórcy

autor

Ireneusz Ciosek

• Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Poland

Bibliografia

• Common Pro-Kremlin Disinformation Narratives. (2019). Retrieved February 8, 2020, from https://euvsdisinfo.eu/5-common-pro-kremlin-disinformation-narratives/
• Aleksandrowicz, T. R. (2016). Podstawy walki informacyjnej, Warszawa: Editions-Spotkania.
• Bell, C. (2018). No, BBC is not reporting the end of the world. Retrieved February 2, 2020, from https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-43822718
• Braw, E. (2019). Second Strike Communications. RUSI Newsbrief, 39(4).
• Certainly Russian': Swedes Mock Reports of 'Suspected Sub' Spotted Off Coast. (2018). Retrieved August 2, 2019, from https://sputniknews.com/viral/201810261069230964-sweden-another-submarine-hunt/
• Chen, A. (2015). The Agency. Retrieved February 8, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/magazine/the-agency.html
• Chiesa, G. (2019), TACI! La NATO ti osserva. E si prepara. Retrieved February 8, 2020, from https://it.sputniknews.com/opinioni/201907157879995-taci-la-nato-ti-osserva-e-si-prepara/
• Colleoni, E., Rozza, A., & Arvidsson, A. (2014). Echo Chamber or Public Sphere? Predicting Political Orientation and Measuring Political Homophily in Twitter Using Big Data. Journal of Communication, 64(2), 317-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12084
• Darczewska, J. (2014). The anatomy of Russian information warfare. The Crimean operation, a case study. Warsaw: Centre for Eastern Studies.
• Darczewska, J. & Żochowski, P. (2017). Active Measures. Russia's Key Export. Warsaw: Center for Eastern Studies.
• Denaro russo per la Lega di Salvini: ecco gli audio dell'incontro a Mosca con Gianluca Savoini. (2019). Retrieved February 8, 2020, from https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2019/07/10/news/russia_come_putin_ha_versato_milioni_di_dollari_alla_lega_di_salvini_-230866514/?refresh_ce
• Deyermond, R. (2016). The Uses of Sovereignty in Twenty First First Century Russian Foreign Policy. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(6).
• Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation. (2016). The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. Retrieved February 4, 2020, from http://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/official_documents/-/asset_publisher/CptICkB6BZ29/content/id/2563163
• Ebner, J. (2019). Who are Europe's far-right identitarians?, Retrieved February 8, 2020, from https://www.politico.eu/article/who-are-europe-far-right-identitarians-austria-generation-identity-martin-sellner/
• Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation. (2016). The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Retrieved February 4, 2020, from http://www.mid.ru/foreign_policy/official_documents/-/asset_publisher/CptICkB6BZ29/content/id/2542248
• Freedman, L. (2018). Putin's new Cold War. New Statesman, 16-22 March.
• Gábor Vona had a lecture at Lomonosov University in Russia. (2018). Retrieved February 8, 2020, from https://www.jobbik.com/g%C3%A1bor_vona_had_lecture_lomonosov_university_russia
• Giles, K. (2016). Handbook of Russian Information Warfare, Rome: NATO Defence College.
• Goldsmith, J., & Rusell, S. (2018). Strengths Become Vulnerabilities. How Digital World Disadvantages the United States in Its International Relations. Aegis Series Paper No. 1806.
• Götz, E. (2017). Putin, the State, and War: The Causes of Russia's Near Abroad Assertion Revisited. International Studies Review, 19, 1-22.
• Hardin, R. (2002). The Crippled Epistemology of Extremism. In A. Breton, G. Galeotti, P. Salmon, R. & Wintrobe (Eds.), Political Extremism and Rationality (pp. 3-22). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Heaton, J. (2012). What is secondary analysis? In J. Goodwin (Ed.), Secondary Data Analysis (pp. 1-20). London: Sage.
• Horner, W. (2018). BBC forced to deny reporting outbreak of nuclear war after fake news clip goes viral. Retrieved February 9, 2020, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/04/19/bbc-denies-reporting-outbreak-nuclear-war/
• Houeix, R. (2017). Neuf millions d'euros: le prix du FN pour soutenir la diplomatie russe en Ukraine. Retrieved February 8, 2020, from https://www.france24.com/fr/20170502-neuf-millions-euros-prix-fn-soutenir-diplomatie-poutine-ukraine-mediapart-schaffhauser-russ
• Johnson, M., & Ghiglione, D. (2018). Matteo Salvini praises Putin ahead of Russia trip. Retrieved February 8, 2020, from https://www.ft.com/content/5b3fc72e-8348-11e8-96dd-fa565ec55929
• Keyes, R. (2004). The Post-Truth Era: Dishonesty and Deception in Contemporary Life. New York: St. Martin's Press.
• Kragh, M., & Åsberg, S. (2017). Russia's strategy for influence through public diplomacy and active measures: the Swedish case. Journal of Strategic Studies, 40(6), 773-816. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2016.1273830
• Kubyshkin, A., & Sergunin, A. (2015). The Problem of the "Special Path" in Russian Foreign Policy. Russian Social Science Review, 56(3), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.2753/RUP1061-1940500601
• Laruelle, M. (2015). Dangerous Liaisons: Eurasianism, the European Far Right, and Putin' Russia. In M. Laurelle (Ed.), Eurasianism and the European Far Right. Reshaping the Europe-Russia Relationship. London: Lexington.
• Lulko, L. (2016). Russia has become the only defender of Christian values. Retrieved August 2, 2019, from http://www.pravdareport.com/russia/136246-russia_christian_values/
• Kappes, A., Nussberger A., Siegel, J. Z., Rutledge, R.B., & Crockett, M.J. (2019). Social uncertainty is heterogeneous and sometimes valuable. Nature Human Bahaviour, 3(764). Retrieved March 29, 2020, from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-019-0662-y

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12775/TIS.2020.005