Europeizacja - nowe podejście analityczne w studiach nad polityką zagraniczną

• Autorzy: Piotr Buras , Karolina Pomorska

Warianty tytułu

Europeanization - new analytical approaches in research into foreign policy

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

Badacze integracji europejskiej przez wiele lat zajmowali się głównie przyczynami tego procesu i uwarunkowaniami wpływającymi na kształt i postępy jego instytucjonalizacji. Teorie integracji koncentrowały się na wyjaśnianiu, jak doszło do ukształtowania się wspólnoty europejskiej, będącej unikalną formą współpracy niepodległych państw. Powód, dla którego taka perspektywa badawcza zyskała szczególne znaczenie, wydaje się oczywisty. Pytanie o motywy, dla których suwerenne podmioty stosunków międzynarodowych gotowe były do rezygnacji z części swoich praw i możliwości działania na rzecz wyposażonej w ponadnarodowe struktury władzy Unii, stanowiło przecież ważne i frapujące wyzwanie dla tradycyjnego rozumienia praw rządzących polityką międzynarodową. Badania naukowe stosowały więc perspektywę "oddolną" (bottom-up), w której państwa członkowskie były postrzegane jako podmioty będące autorami procesów zachodzących na szczeblu europejskim. To one były w tym ujęciu spiritus movens procesu integracji, bo podejmowane na szczeblu narodowym decyzje, formułowane tam strategie negocjacyjne czy pojawiające się od czasu do czasu blokady (np. francuska strategia "pustego krzesła" w latach 60. ubiegłego wieku) bezpośrednio wpływały na bieg wydarzeń "w Brukseli". Wspólnoty Europejskie (Unia Europejska) były w tym ujęciu produktem, a czasem zakładnikiem polityk państw członkowskich i sposobu, w jakim dochodziły one między sobą do porozumienia. (fragment tekstu)

EN

Practitioners and academics have clearly established that participation in the EU system of foreign policy-making transforms national foreign policies. As a consequence, there has been a growing interest in research on the impact of Europe on national foreign policies and the reverse. This has been primarily done in the framework of a new theoretical approach called Europeanization. This article addresses the relevant conceptual issues and provides an outline of the academic debate regarding Europeanization and foreign policy. In spite of the complex state of the research and conceptualization of the term, it is argued that Europeanization not only offers a useful analytical framework, but also brings an added value and offers valuable insights into the analysis of CFSP and national foreign policies. The article first explains the concept of Europeanization and its logic in general. It then moves on to explain how it can be used in the study of foreign policy, focusing on the mechanisms at work and methodological challenges. Finally, it pinpoints the key differences in applying Europeanization to the first and second pillar policies that have to be taken into account by anyone endeavouring to use this recently emerged analytical framework in their research. (original abstract)

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Europeizacja; Wspólna Polityka Zagraniczna i Bezpieczeństwa (WPZiB); Historia integracji europejskiej; Polityka zagraniczna; Państwa członkowskie

EN

Europeanisation; Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP); History of European integration; Foreign policy; Member states

• Czasopismo: Stosunki Międzynarodowe
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 38
• Numer: nr 3/4
• Strony: 31-49

Twórcy

autor

Piotr Buras

autor

Karolina Pomorska

• Maastricht University , Netherlands

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