Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
One of education's defining features is that it exists to a large extent in a constant state of tension between stasis and change. Education is an inherently conservative institution in many ways, for instance regarding its function of transmitting preserved societal knowledge and its legendary ability to resist rapid change. At the same time, educational institutions are one of society's main ways of creating change through a variety of means such as groundbreaking research, discoveries, and ideas. Higher educational institutions are highly complex institutions which fulfill a multitude of purposes: employment preparation, social 'rite of passage,' knowledge generation, entertainment, economic mainstay, business partner, global outreach agent, and social change agent to name a few. Higher education has become the main vehicle for individual economic change, particularly in the U.S. where a college degree has become practically the sole remaining path to a middle-class lifestyle, although many observers argue that this reality is fading due to the shrinking of the middle class and the sharp rise in student debt in the U.S. As the Education for All movement illustrates5, the ideal of education as a universal right which is essential to participating in the world's new knowledge economy and having the "individual power to reflect, make choices, and steer for a better life"6 is a global phenomenon, even though it is not an evenly distributed one. (original abstract)
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Bibliografia
- Carnevale A., Smith N., Strohl, J. Ready or Not: The Jobs Recovery and Educational Requirements through 2018, The Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce, 2010, http://www9.georgetown.edu/grad/ gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/fullreport.pdf.
- Education For All Goals, UNESCO, 2010, http://www. unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/leading-the-internationalagenda/education-for-all/efa-goals/.
- Greenstone M., Looney A., Rising Student Debt Burdens: Factors Behind the Phenomenon, Brookings, 2013, http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/jobs/posts/2013/07/05-student-loans-debt-burdens-jobs-greenstone-looney.
- Hanushek E., Raymond M., Improving Educational Quality:How Best to Evaluate Our Schools?, [in:] Y. Kodrzycki (ed.), Education in the 21st Century: Meeting the Challenges of a Changing World, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston MA 2003, pp. 193-224, http://www.bostonfed.org/economic/conf/conf47/conf47n.pdf.
- Introduction to IEQ, "The Quality Link Newsletter" 1999, No. 1, pp. 1-3, http://www.ieq.org/pdf/link2-1eng.pdf.
- Kamp K., By the Numbers: The Incredibly Shrinking American Middle Class, Moyers & Company, 2013, http://billmoyers.com/2013/09/20/by-the-numbers-the -incredibly-shrinking-american-middle-class/.
- Mayadas F., Testimony to the Kerrey Commission on Web-Based Education, "Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks" 2001, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 134-138, http://sc-d7.sloan-c-support.org/sites/default/files/articles/downloads/v5n1_mayadas_2.pdf.
- Open Educational Resources and Practices in Europe (OEREU), http://is.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pages/EAP/OEREU. html.
- Pradhan M. et al., Improving Educational Quality through Enhancing Community Participation: Results from a Randomized Field Experiment in Indonesia, 2013, http://real. wharton.upenn.edu/~maisy/documents/WorldBank_ SchoolCommittee.pdf.
- Rischard J.R., High Noon: 20 Global Problems, 20 Years to Solve Them, Basic Books, New York 2002.
- Russell T., The No Significant Difference Phenomenon: A Comparative Research Annotated Bibliography on Technology for Distance Education, IDECC, Montgomery AL 1999.
- Sener J., The Seven Futures of American Education: Improving Learning & Teaching in a Screen-Captured World, CreateSpace, North Charleston SC 2012.
- Texiera P., The Tortuous Ways of the Market: Looking at the European Integration of Higher Education from an Economic Perspective, London School of Economics, London 2013, http://www.lse.ac.uk/europeanInstitute/LEQS/LEQSPaper56.pdf.
- The Lost Decade of the Middle Class: Fewer, Poorer, Gloomier, Pew Research Social & Demographic Trends, 2012, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/08/22/the-lost-decade-of-the-middle-class/.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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