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W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z polityką energetyczną Polski w okresie zmian ustrojowych. Główne zadania polityki energetycznej powinny być wyznaczone przez potrzeby odbiorców i wymogi Unii Europejskiej. Tymczasem w przypadku polskiego sektora energetycznego wraz ze zmieniającymi się gabinetami politycznymi zmieniają się koncepcje restrukturyzacji i prywatyzacji tego sektora. Autorzy proponują wyznaczenie jasnego celu strategicznego, który powinien opierać się na redukcji kosztów i ustaleniu racjonalnego poziomu cen energii. (M.P.)
Poland, a country under market-oriented transition, has special problems with such spheres as the energy sector. Indispensable changes must be directed by energy policy compatible with the long-term concept of national development. The principal goals of the energy policy seem to be proportional to the national needs and aspirations related with the European Union. The situation is worse in the strategy of power sector's transition and functioning. Changes of the series of cabinets brought about changes in the concepts of restructuring and privatisation, as well as in the scope and pace of introducing competition, the latter being almost permanent problems of energy policy. A circumstance that explains but hardly justifies this state of affairs is an extremely complex configuration of conditionalities surrounding this policy, which the authors have tried to explain by pointing to problems of selecting solutions typical of the various conditionalities. The authors believe that in order to implement the clearly strategic goal of economic policy, that is, the reduction of power sector's costs and reaching a rational price levels combined with a better energy security especially in its economic and financial aspects - it is above all necessary to continue systemic transformation, all the time being guided by the interest of energy consumers, not its producers. This is our fundamental recommendation. We must stress that in this process, the special role of the state is providing good conditions for the emergence and operation of the market, also in fields which are not easy to reform. As regards the energy sector, this means that the government will continue its policy of consistent implementation of the priority to build competitive markets, prescribed by the Energy Act and the European Union Directives. The directions of energy policy, particularly the owner's policy, must be legible also for actors outside the energy sector, especially investors, so that they can use such a government document to plan the development of their own companies, make the required investment options, and conclude contracts which are good for them. (original abstract)
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autor
Bibliografia
- AGENDA 2000 (European Commission's Opinion on Poland's application for the European Union membership in 1997.
- Cameron P.D., Competition in Energy Markets: Law and Regulation in the European Union, Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Demopolisation and privatisation of power industry, Council of Ministers on Sptember 17, 1996.
- Dobroczyńska A., Luchniewicz L., "For the rational electric power price..." w: Systemic transition in Poland - evaluations and perspectives. Materiały Konferencyjne, Z. Szymla, AE w Krakowie 2002.
- Dobroczyńska A., Luchniewicz L., The regulatory policy on energy w: Polityka gospodarcza w procesie akcesji do Unii Europejskiej, wyd. AE w Poznaniu, 2003.
- Dobroczyńska A., Luchniewicz L., Zaleski B., Regulacja energetyki w Polsce, Warszawa-Toruń 2001, s. 37.
- European Association Agreement establishing the association between the Republic of Poland on the side and the European Communities and their Member States on the other, December 16, 1991, Journal of Laws January 27, 1994.
- Eurostat, Yearbook 2002, s. 405.
- Hockuba Z., Droga do spontanicznego porządku, Transformacja ekonomiczna w świetle problemu regulacji , PWN 1995, str. 23.
- Keeler, T. E., Theories of regulation and the deregulation movement, "Public Choice", nr 44, 1984, s. 103-145.
- Kleer J., Transformacja a konkurencja w: Konkurencyjność gospodarki Polski w dobie integracji z Unią Eorpejską i globalizacji, Bossak J., Bieńkowski W., Institute of World Economy SGH, Warsaw 2001.
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Bibliografia
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