The United States Approach to Prosecution of Women Terrorists Who Joined the Islamic State

• Autorzy: Stempień Marta Sara

Warianty tytułu

PL

Podejście Stanów Zjednoczonych do kobiet, które dołączyły do Państwa Islamskiego

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In January 2012, the Secretary of State, in accordance with Section 219 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), designated the Islamic State in Iraq Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO). Based on this, the United States could take administrative measures against foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) associated with IS, including women. As of January 2023, the United States had formally repatriated 39 citizens. At least 11 more citizens returned of their own accord outside of formal processes, including two women. To date, 11 adults affiliated with the Islamic State, formally repatriated from Syria and Iraq to the United States, have faced charges for terrorism-related crimes. The aim of this research is to characterize the approach to female terrorist returnees in the United States. The following research problem is central to this article: How does the United States deal with the prosecution and conviction of women returnees involved in the activities of the Islamic State? The author focused research on case studies. Research methods include: analysis, synthe-sis, classification, generalization, and statistical data analysis. Women who are left on their own and remain in camps and prisons in Iraq and Syria can impose the ideology of the Islamic State on others, including their children. It is important not to treat the problem of repatriation, rehabilitation, and reintegration of camp residents shortsightedly and to take a long-term solution.

PL

W styczniu 2012 r. Sekretarz Stanu, zgodnie z art. 219 ustawy o imigracji i obywatelstwie (INA), uznał Państwo Islamskie w Iraku za organizację terrorystyczną. Na tej podstawie Stany Zjedno-czone mogł podjąć środki administracyjne przeciwko zagranicznym bojownikom-terrorystom (FTF) po-wiązanym z Państwem Islamskim, w tym kobietom. Według stanu na styczeń 2023 r. Waszyngton for-malnie dokonał repatriacji 39 obywateli. Co najmniej 11 kolejnych obywateli wróciło z własnej woli poza procesami formalnymi, w tym dwie kobiety. Do chwili obecnej 11 dorosłym powiązanym z Pań-stwem Islamskim, formalnie repatriowanym z Syrii i Iraku do Stanów Zjednoczonych, postawiono za-rzuty popełnienia przestępstw o charakterze terrorystycznym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest charakte-rystyka podejścia do kobiet powracających do Stanach Zjednoczonych z Państwa Islamskiego. Sformu-łowano następujący problem badawczy: Jakie podejście prezentują Stany Zjednoczone w odniesieniu do ścigania i osądzania kobiet zaangażowanych w działalność Państwa Islamskiego? Autorka opiera badania na studium przypadków. Metody badawcze obejmują również: analizę, syntezę, klasyfikację, uogólnianie oraz analizę danych statystycznych. Przeprowadzone badania dowiodły, że kobiety pozostawione w obozach i więzieniach w Iraku i Syrii mogą narzucać ideologię Państwa Islamskiego innym, w tym przede wszystkim swoim dzieciom. Zatem ważne jest, aby problemu repatriacji, rehabilitacji i reintegracji mieszkańców obo-zów nie traktować krótkowzrocznie i zastosować rozwiązanie długoterminowe.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

dżihadyzm; kobiety; Państwo Islamskie; płeć; sądownictwo; terroryzm

EN

gender; Islamic State; jihadism; judiciary; terrorism; women

• Wydawca: Instytut Nauk Społecznych i Bezpieczeństwa Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach
• Czasopismo: De Securitate et Defensione. O Bezpieczeństwie i Obronności
• Rocznik: 2023
• Numer: 2(9)
• Strony: 121-130

Daty

wydano

2024-04-13

Twórcy

autor

Stempień Marta Sara

• Uniwersytet w Siedlcach,

Bibliografia

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Identyfikatory

DOI

https://doi.org/10.34739/dsd.2023.02.08