Znaczenie modelu westminsterskiego w kształtowaniu się pozycji ustrojowej parlamentu w Papui–Nowej Gwinei

• Autorzy: Eska-Mikołajewska Justyna

Warianty tytułu

EN

The importance of the Westminster model in shaping the political position of the parliament in Papua New Guinea

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Artykuł przedstawia problematykę dotyczącą pozycji ustrojowej parlamentu w jednym z największych państw subregionu Południowego Pacyfiku – Papui–Nowej Gwinei. Kształtując swój system prawno-ustrojowy, państwo to obficie czerpało z praktyki brytyjskiej. Ów proces zapoczątkowany w pierwszej dekadzie XX wieku na skutek rządów australijskich, trwał do momentu osiągnięcia przez to państwo niepodległości w 1975 roku. W jego konsekwencji przyjęto wszystkie podstawowe cechy demokracji westminsterskiej wraz z unitarną formą rządów oraz unikameralnym parlamentem. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła wskazać, że charakter papuaskiej demokracji ewoluował na przestrzeni lat, w związku z czym część elementów modelu westminsterskiego stała się nieadekwatna i mało skuteczna. Przemiany te dotyczyły głównie nadrzędnych struktur państwowych, w tym parlamentu. Obecnie jest to organ w coraz większym stopniu kontrolowany przez egzekutywę, który zatracił swój pierwotnie przedstawicielski charakter. W opracowaniu zastosowano metodę analizy źródeł prawa i analizy krytycznej oraz metodę opisową. Tekst podzielony został na trzy zasadnicze części oraz wstęp i zakończenie.

EN

The article presents the issues of the political position of the parliament in one of the largest states of the South Pacific subregion – Papua New Guinea. Shaping its legal and political system, the state profoundly derived from the British practice. This process was initiated in the first decade of the 20th century as a result of Australian rule, which had lasted by that time the state gained its independence in 1975. As a consequence, all the basic features of Westminster democracy were adopted, with the unitary form of government and the unicameral parliament. The analysis allowed to indicate that the character of Papuan democracy has evolved over the years, and therefore some elements of the Westminster model have become inadequate and not very effective. These changes concerned mainly superior state structures, including the parliament. It is a body increasingly controlled by the executive nowadays, that lost its original representative character. In this article, the author has adopted the following research methods: an analysis of legal sources and a critical analysis as well as a descriptive method. The text was divided into three main parts and the introduction and the conclusion.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

parlament; Papua–Nowa Gwinea; model westminsterski

EN

parliament; Papua New Guinea; Westminster model

• Wydawca: Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych, Uniwersytet Warszawski
• Czasopismo: Przegląd Europejski
• Rocznik: 2019
• Numer: 1(51)
• Strony: 37-56

Daty

wydano

2019

Twórcy

autor

Eska-Mikołajewska Justyna

• Bydgoska Szkoła Wyższa

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