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2024 | Vol. 69, no. 3 | 529--554
Tytuł artykułu

Comprehensive review of haul road design methods: a comparative approach

Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The mining industry, primarily coal mines, has grown significantly, leading to heavy traffic on haul roads. However, inadequately designed haul roads often result in problems. The objective of the present study is to review and design the haul road using existing design methods and analyze their pavement design parameters. The study compares haul road design methods, including empirical California Bearing Ratio (CBR) methods, design charts, mechanistic design approach, and geocell reinforced design. This research enhances understanding of effective haul road design methods considering layer thicknesses, vertical strain, and deflections, thereby ascertaining the overall performance and suitability of each design approach. The mechanistic and reinforced design approaches emphasize pavement safety, significantly reducing vertical compressive strain. By using IITPAVE software, an optimal haul road design was found by finding vertical strains and deflections of various designs. Vertical strains ranged from 1238 to 3700 µε, with 1.5 to 4.5 mm deflections. The outcomes indicate that both the mechanistic and reinforced approaches meet the criteria for critical strain limits (CSL). This study highlights the advantages of different design approaches to ensure cost-effectiveness.
Wydawca

Rocznik
Strony
529--554
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., rys., tab. wykr.
Twórcy
  • Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India
  • Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India
  • Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India
Bibliografia
  • [1] Ministry of Coal, Government of India [Internet]. coal.nic.in. Available from: https://coal.nic.in/en/about-us/history-background.
  • [2] India’s Mining Sector: Towards a Sustainable and Equitable Future [Internet]. www.teriin.org. Available from:https://www.teriin.org/article/indias-mining-sector-towards-sustainable-and-equitable-future.
  • [3] Ministry of Coal Production and annual consumption of coal in the country [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Jun 11].Available from: https://coal.nic.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/PIB1908840.pdf.
  • [4] S.R. Mallick, M.K. Mishra, Evaluation of clinker stabilized fly ash-mine overburden mix as sub-base construction material for mine haul roads. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 35, 1629-44 (2017).
  • [5] M. Saberian, M.M. Khabiri, Experimental and numerical study of the effects of coal on pavement performance inmine haul road. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 35, 2467-78 (2017).
  • [6] I RC S. 37 (2018) Guidelines for the design of flexible pavements. In Indian Road Congress New Delhi 2018.
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  • [8] W. W. Kaufman, J. C. Ault, The design of surface mine haul roads manual. USDOI Information Circular 8758,2-7 (1977).
  • [9] T. Atkinson, Design and layout of haul roads. SME Mining Engineering Handbook 2,1334-42 (1992).
  • [10] R.J. Thompson, A.T. Visser, Mining Roads, Mine Haul Road Design, Construction & Maintenance Management(2011).
  • [11] R.J. Thompson, A.T. Visser, Towards a mechanistic, structural design method for surface mine haul roads. Journalof the South African Institution of Civil Engineers 38 (2), 13-20 (1996).
  • [12] D. Tannant, B. Regensburg, Guidelines for mine haul road design (2001).
  • [13] B.A. Wills, Developments in mineral processing. Mine Quarry (United Kingdom) 1, 18 (3) (1989).
  • [14] L .W. Van Wieren, H.M. Anderson, An overview of haul roads at Syncrude Canada Limited. InProc. 2nd Int. Symp.Mining Planning and Equipment Selection 283-289 (1990).
  • [15] R. Cameron, R. Mahood, R. Lewko, J. Skitmore, Haul road investigation of problem areas for 240-T heavy haulersdriving on 170-T haul road design at Syncrude Canada Limited. Internal Report. Syncrude Canada Limited,(1995).
  • [16] R. Cameron, R. Mahood, R. Lewko, J. Skitmore, Haul road design, construction, and monitoring procedures for240-T heavy haulers at Syncrude Canada Limited. Internal Report. Syncrude Canada Limited (1996).
  • [17] R.J. Thompson, A.T. Visser, Management of unpaved road networks on opencast mines. Transportation research record, 1652 (1), 217-224 (1999).
  • [18] M. Verma, I. Roy, U.C. Sahoo, Design of Haul Roads in Open Cast Mines in India – A Mechanistic Design Approach.Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D 101, 285-301 (2020).
  • [19] S. Saride, R. Baadiga, U. Balunaini, M.R. Madhira, Modulus improvement factor-based design coefficients for geogrid-and geocell-reinforced bases. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements 1, 148 (3),04022037 (2022).
  • [20] R. Baadiga, S. Saride, U. Balunaini, M.R. Madhira, Influence of tensile strength of geogrid and subgrade moduluson layer coefficients of granular bases. Transportation Geotechnics 29, 100557 (2021).
  • [21] J. Han, S.K. Pokharel, X. Yang, C. Manandhar, D. Leshchinsky, I. Halahmi, R.L. Parsons, Performance of geocell reinforcedRAP bases over weak subgrade under full-scale moving wheel loads. Journal of Materials in CivilEngineering 23 (11), 1525-1534, (2011).
  • [22] S.K. Pokharel, J. Han, D. Leshchinsky, R.L. Parsons, I. Halahmi, Behavior of geocell-reinforced granular basesunder static and repeated loads. In Contemporary topics in ground modification, problem soils, and geo-support409-416 (2009).
  • [23] IRC S. 59: Guidelines for use of geosynthetics in road pavements and associated works. In The Indian Road Congress, New Delhi 2019.
  • [24] India. Ministry of Road Transport & Highways. Specifications for road and bridge works. Indian Roads Congress,2013.
  • [25] Granular Sub Base Construction And Quality Control Construction Civil [Internet]. Construction Civil. 2020[cited 2023 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.constructioncivil.com/granular-sub-base-construction-qualitycontrol/#gsc.tab=0.
  • [26] Volvo-FMX-500-8x4. Volvo Trucks; Volvo Group. [cited 2023 Jul 03]. Available from: https://www.volvotrucks.in/content/dam/volvotrucks/markets/india/transportneeds/Volvo-FMX-500-8x4.pdf.
  • [27] Global Energy Monitor. Umrer Coal Mine – Global Energy Monitor [Internet]. Global Energy Monitor. Global Energy Monitor; 2024 [cited 2023 Jul 27]. Available from: https://www.gem.wiki/Umrer_Coal_Mine.
  • [28] Elastic Modulus – Pavement Interactive [Internet]. Available from: https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/design/design-parameters/elastic-modulus/.
  • [29] J.R. Morgan, J.S. Tucker, D.B. McInnes, A mechanistic design approach for unsealed mine haul roads. In17THArrb Conference, Gold Coast, Queensland, 15-19 August 1994, Proceedings 17, PART 2, (1994).
  • [30] R.J. Thompson, A.T. Visser, A mechanistic structural design procedure for surface mine haul roads. International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 11 (3), 121-128, (1997).
  • [31] K.H. Mamatha, S.V. Dinesh, Performance evaluation of geocell-reinforced pavements. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 4, 13 (3), 277-86 (2019 May).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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