Measuring the spatial dimension of a Smart City: a new tool for measuring and evaluating a Smart City’s urban form

• Autorzy: Gorgol, Natalia K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study discusses the link between the idea of the Smart City and urban form. The paper aims to fill a research gap in terms of the physical structure of a Smart City by investigating how its spatial dimension can be evaluated and measured. The methodology used is based on a comparative and interpretive analysis of logical argumentation based on analysis and synthesis. The main aim of this research was to develop a method to evaluate the spatial dimension of a smart city. In order to achieve this, a four-step process was formulated: Step 1. Extracting elements of urban form and the Smart City as a concept. Step 2. Examining the possible correlations between each component of a Smart City and urban form elements. Step 3. Creating a Smart City urban form evaluation tool. Step 4. Testing the tool on existing smart cities: the Songdo IBD in South Korea, and Aspern Seestadt in Vienna, Austria. The final outcome is a proposed tool for measuring and evaluating urban form which may be applied to future smart city projects.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

inteligentne miasto; forma miejska; architektura zrównoważonego rozwoju

EN

smart city; urban form; sustainable Smart City; spatial dimension

• Czasopismo: Technical Transactions
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 120, iss. 1
• Strony: art. no. e2023019
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 36 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Gorgol, Natalia K.

• Chair of Urbanism and City Structure Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology,

tłumacz

Barnaś, Krzysztof

Bibliografia

• 1. Albino, V., Berardi, U., Dangelico, R.M. (2015). Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology 22(1): 1723–1738.
• 2. Bakici, T., Almirall, E., Wareham, J. (2012). A Smart City Initiative: The Case of Barcelona. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 4. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-012-0084-9
• 3. Barrionuevo, J., Berrone, P., Ricart, J. (2012). Smart Cities, Sustainable Progress: Opportunities for Urban Development. IESE Insight, 50-57. http://doi.org/10.15581/002.ART-2152.
• 4. Borie, A., Denieul, F. (1984). Méthode d’analyse morphologique des tissus urbains traditionnels, Etudes et documents sur le patrimoine culturel, 3, Unesco.
• 5. Caragliu, A., Del Bo ,C., Nijkamp, P. (2011). Smart cities in Europe. 3rd Central European Conference in Regional Science – CERS, 2009. Journal of Urban Technology 18(2): 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.601117
• 6. Chan, S. (2016). Innovation has the smart city of Songdo living in the future. Retrived from: https://newsroom.cisco.com/feature-content?articleId=1738492 (access: 21.09.2019).
• 7. Chen, T.M. (2010). Smart Grids, Smart Cities Need Better Networks [Editor’s Note]. IEEE Network 24: 2, 2–3. http://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2010.5430136
• 8. Cohen, B. (2018). Blockchain Cities and the Smart Cities Wheel. Retrived from: https://medium.com/iomob/blockchain-cities-and-the-smart-cities-wheel-9f65c2f32c36 (access: 2.02.2021).
• 9. Conzen, M.R.G. (1969). Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis. Institute of British Geographers. London: Publication, Publication (Institute of British Geographers), George Philip.
• 10. Gehl, J. (2013). Życie między budynkami. Użytkowanie przestrzeni publicznych. Wyd. RAM.
• 11. Giffinger, R. et al. (2007). Smart cities – Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Vienna: Centre of Regional Science.
• 12. Gorgol, N.K. (2021). Idea „Smart City” a budowa formy urbanistycznej na wybranych przykładach. PhD Thesis. Cracow University of Technology.
• 13. Gracias, J.S., Parnell, G.S., Specking, E., Pohl, E.A., Buchanan, R. (2013). Smart Cities—A Structured Literature Review. Smart Cities, 6, 1719–1743. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6040080
• 14. Gyurkovich, J. (2007). Miejskość miasta. Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura, 2-A: 105–118.
• 15. Harrison, C. et al. (2010). Foundations for Smarter Cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development, 54(4): 1–16, July-Aug. https://doi.org/10.1147/JRD.2010.2048257.
• 16. ISO/IEC JTC (2014). 1 Information technology Smart cities Preliminary Report.
• 17. Karma, J. (2021). Songdo Smart City, About Smart Cities. Cities, Events, Journal. Retrived from: https://www.aboutsmartcities.com/songdo-smart-city/(access: 15.06.2021).
• 18. Keeton, R. (2015). When Smart Cities are Stupid. [In:] The How and Why of Creating Smart Cities, My Liveable City. Apr-Jun 2015. Retrived from: http://www.newtowninstitute.org/spip.php?article1078 (access: 22.05.2021).
• 19. Komninos, N. (2011). Intelligent cities: Variable geometries of spatial intelligence. Intelligent Buildings International. 3. 172–188. http://doi.org/10.1080/17508975.2011.579339.
• 20. Lehmann, S. (2010). Green Urbanism: Formulating a Series of Holistic Principles. S.A.P.I.En.S, 3, 1–10. Retrived from: http://journals.openedition.org/sapiens/1057 (access: 15.03.2021).
• 21. Lichá, A. (2018). “Green” and “Smart” Cities Diffusion: The Case of Songdo, Korea. [In:] Hebert, D. (ed.) International Perspectives on Translation, Education and Innovation in Japanese and Korean Societies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68434-5_15
• 22. Lynch, K., (1966). Quality in City Design [in:] Lynch, K. (1991). City Sense and City Design, Writings and Projects of Kevin Lynch. Massachusetts, London, England: M.I.T. Cambridge Press,
• 23. Marsal, L., Colomer, J,, Meléndez, J. (2014). Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.01.012.
• 24. Mesmer, P. (2017). Songdo, ghetto for the affluent, Le Monde. Retrived from: https://www.lemonde.fr/smart-cities/article/2017/05/29/songdo-ghetto-for-the-affluent_5135650_4811534.html (access: 5.05.2021).
• 25. Nam, T., Pardo, T. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. 282–291. http://doi.org/10.1145/2037556.2037602.
• 26. Nawratek, K. (2014). O denerwującej niemożliwości inkluzywnej architektury. Władza Sądzenia, 3: 43–50.
• 27. Neidhart, N. (2018) Welcome To Songdo, South Korea: The Smartest Of Smart Cities, Suddeutsche Zeitung. Retrived from: https://worldcrunch.com/smarter-cities-1/welcome-to-songdo-south-korea-the-smartest-of-smart-cities (access: 6.05.2021).
• 28. Poklewski-Koziełł, D. (2018). In Search of a Healthy Balance on the Example of the New District of Seestadt Aspern in Vienna. Technical Transactions, 115(6): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.4467/2353737XCT.18.084.8689
• 29. Poon, L. (2018), Sleepy in Songdo, Korea’s Smartest City. Retrived from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-22/songdo-south-korea-s-smartest-city-is-lonely (access: 6.05.2021).
• 30. Sennett, R. (2012). No one likes a city that’s too smart, The Guardian, 2012. Retrived from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/dec/04/smart-city-rio-songdo-masdar (access: 15.01.2019).
• 31. Tołwiński, T. (1939). Urbanistyka. Tom I. Budowa miasta w przeszłości. Warszawa: Zakład Urbanistyki Politechniki Warszawskiej.
• 32. Washburn, D., Sindhu, U. (2010). Helping CIOs Understand “Smart City” Initiatives: Defining the Smart City, Its Drivers, and the Role of the CIO. Cambridge, MA: Forrester Research.
• 33. Wejchert K. (1974). Elementy kompozycji urbanistycznej. Warszawa: Arkady.
• 34. WCED (Światowa Komisja ds. Środowiska i Rozwoju) (1987). Raport „Nasza Wspólna Przyszłość”.
• 35. Williams, K., Burton, E., Jenks, M. (2000). Achieving Sustainable Urban Form. Routledge.
• 36. Vale, B.R. (1991). Green Architecture. Bulfich Press.

Uwagi

Section "Architecture and Urban Planning"

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.37705/TechTrans/e2023019