Test methods of concrete resistance to chloride ingress

Zych, T.

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Artykuł - szczegóły

Czasopismo

Czasopismo Techniczne. Budownictwo

2014 | R. 111, z. 6-B | 117--139

Tytuł artykułu

Test methods of concrete resistance to chloride ingress

Autorzy

Zych, T.

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

http://repozytorium.biblos.pk.edu.pl/resources/35434

Warianty tytułu

Metody badania odporności betonu na wnikanie chlorków

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The experimental methods for determination of concrete resistance to chlorides – both the chloride permeability test methods (NT Build 492 NordTest – Non-S teady State Migration Test, AASHTO T 277-ASTM C 1202 Test) and the methods for testing concrete resistance to surface scaling due to cyclic freezing and thawing in the presence of NaCl solution (deicing salts, saline sea water, etc.) (e.g. Slab Test according to CEN/TS 12390-9, based on the Borås method according to Swedish Standard SS 13 72 44) are presented in the paper. The Rapid Chloride Test – the method used "in situ" to determine the chloride ion content in concrete is also described.

W artykule przedstawiono doświadczalne metody określenia odporności betonu na działanie chlorków – metody badania przepuszczalności chlorków (NT Build 492 NortTest – Test migracji chlorków przy nieustalonym przepływie, AASHTO T 277-ASTM C 1202 Test) oraz metody badania odporności betonu na powierzchniowe łuszczenie spowodowane cyklicznym zamrażaniem i odmrażaniem w obecności roztworu NaCl (soli odladzających, słonej wody morskiej itd.) (np. Slab Test według normy CEN/TS 12390-9, wzorowany na metodzie Borås według szwedzkiej normy SS 13 72 44). Opisano również Rapid Chloride Test – metodę "in situ" badania zawartości jonów chlorkowych w betonie.

Słowa kluczowe

trwałość betonu klasy ekspozycji (XD, XS, XF) dyfuzja chlorków odporność na powierzchniowe łuszczenie

concrete durability exposure classes (XD, XS, XF) chloride diffusion scaling resistance

Wydawca

Czasopismo

Czasopismo Techniczne. Budownictwo

Rocznik

2014

Tom

R. 111, z. 6-B

Strony

117--139

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 43 poz., wz., il., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Zych, T.

Institute of Building Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology

Bibliografia

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[2] Audenaert K., Yuan Q., De Schutter D., On the time dependency of the chloride migration coefficient in concrete, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 24, 2010, 396–402.
[3] Baroghel Bouny V., Belin P., Maultzsch M., Henry D., AgNO3 spray test: advantages, weaknesses, and various applications to quantify chloride ingress into concrete, Part 2: Non-steady-state migration tests and chloride diffusion coefficients, Materials and Structures, No. 8, Vol. 40, 2007, 783–799.
[4] Bebłacz D., Kamiński P., Methodology of testing and assessment criteria of resistance of pavement concretes to de-icing salts, 3rd Conference “Concrete Days” (“Dni Betonu”), Wisła, Poland, 11–13 October, 2004, 804–821 (in Polish).
[5] Boos P., Giergiczny Z., Testing the frost resistance of concrete with different cement types – experience from laboratory and practice, Architecture Civil EngineeringEnvironment, The Silesian University of Technology, No. 2, 2010, 41–51.
[6] Bortz B.S., Salt-scaling durability of fly ash concrete, M.Sc. Thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 2010.
[7] Brandt A.M., Cement based composites: materials, mechanical properties and performance, Taylor&Francis, 2009.
[8] Claisse P.A., Elsayad H.I., Ganjian E., Modelling the rapid chloride permeability test, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 40, 2010, 405–409.
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[10] Flaga K., In-situ test methods in the diagnosis of the state of concrete in engineering structures, 2nd Scientific and Technical Symposium on Durability of Concrete, Cracow, April 2008, 121–139 (in Polish).
[11] Giergiczny Z., Test methods for corrosion resistance of concrete to chloride and sulphate, 2nd Scientific and Technical Symposium on Durability of Concrete, Cracow, April 2008, 77–96 (in Polish).
[12] He F., Shi C., Yuan Q., Chen Ch., Zheng K., AgNO3 – based colorimetric methods for measurement of chloride penetration in concrete, Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 26, 2012, 1–8.
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[14] Hooton R.D., Vassilev D., Deicer scaling resistance of concrete mixtures containing slag cement. Phase 2: Evaluation of different laboratory scaling test methods, Iowa State University/Federal Highway Administration, USA, Report No. DTFH61-06-H-00011 (Work Plan 24), July 2012.
[15] JóźwiakNiedźwiedzka D., Effect of fluidized bed combustion fly ash on the chloride resistance and scaling resistance of concrete, RILEM TC 211-PAE Final Conference on Concrete in Aggressive Aqueous Environments. Performance, Testing and Modeling, Toulouse, France, 3–5 June, 2009, Vol. 2, 556–563.
[16] JóźwiakNiedźwiedzka D., Frost resistance test methods, 2nd Scientific and Technical Symposium on Durability of Concrete, Cracow, April 2008, 161–181 (in Polish).
[17] Kurdowski W., Cement and concrete chemistry, Polish Cement Association, Cracow/Polish Scientific Publishers (PWN), Warsaw 2010 (in Polish).
[18] Ramachandran V.S., Beaudoin J.J., Handbook of analytical techniques in concrete science and technology, Noyes Publications/William Andrew Publishing, New York 2001.
[19] Richardson M.G., Fundamentals of durable reinforced concrete, Spon Press, 2002.
[20] Shi C., Effect of mixing proportions of concrete on its electrical conductivity and the rapid chloride permeability test (ASTM C 1202 or ASSHTO T 277) results, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, 2004, 537–545.
[21] Sillanpää M., The effect of cracking on chloride diffusion in concrete, M.Sc. Thesis, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland 2010.
[22] Spiesz P., Brouwers H.J.H., Analysis of the theoretical model of the Rapid Chloride Migration test, 8th International Ph.D. Symposium in Civil Engineering, The Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby. Denmark, 20–23 June, 2010, (online) homepage: http://josbrouwers.bwk.tue.nl/publications/Conference64.pdf, (access: 12.03.2014).
[23] Stanish K., Hooton R.D., Thomas M.D.A., A novel method for describing chloride ion transport due to an electrical gradient in concrete, Part 2: Experimental study, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 34, 2004, 51–57.
[24] Szweda Z., Zybura A., Analysis of chloride diffusion and migration in concrete, Part I: Theoretical model, Architecture – Civil Engineering – Environment, Silesian University of Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012, 47–54.
[25] Szweda Z., Zybura A., Analysis of chloride diffusion and migration in concrete, Part II: Experimental tests, Architecture – Civil Engineering – Environment, Silesian University of Technology, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2012, 55–62.
[26] Tang L., Chloride transport in concrete – Measurement and prediction, Ph.D. Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, Publication P-96:6, 2010.
[27] Tang L., Nilsson L.O., Prediction of chloride penetration into concrete by using the computer program “ClinConc”, [in:] O.E. Gjørv, K. Sakai, N. Banthia (eds.), Concrete under severe conditions 2. Environment and loading, E & FN Spon, Vol. 1, 1998, 625–634.
[28] Tang L., Nilsson L.O., Rapid determination of the chloride diffusivity in concrete by applying an electrical field, ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 89, 1992, 49–53.
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[30] Whiting D., Rapid determination of the chloride permeability of concrete, Federal Highway Administration, USA, Report No. FHWA/RD81/119, August 1981.
[31] AASHTO T 277 (2007). Standard method of test for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration, AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials), USA.
[32] ASTM C 672 (2012). Standard test method for scaling resistance of concrete surfaces exposed to deicing chemicals, ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), USA.
[33] ASTM C 1202 (2012). Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration, USA.
[34] CEN (European Committee for Standardization). CEN/TS 12390-9:2006. Testing hardened concrete – Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance – Scaling (PKNCEN/TS 12390-9:2007E – in Polish).
[35] EN 206-1:2000. Concrete – Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity (PNEN 206-1:2003P – in Polish).
[36] EN 1338:2003/AC:2006. Concrete paving blocks. Requirements and test methods (PNEN 1338:2005/AC:2007P – in Polish).
[37] EN 1339:2003/AC:2006. Concrete paving flags. Requirements and test methods (PNEN 1339:2005/AC:2007P – in Polish).
[38] EN 1340:2003/AC:2006. Concrete kerb units. Requirements and test methods (PNEN 1340:2004/AC:2007P – in Polish).
[39] NT BUILD 492 (1999). NordTest Method: Concrete, mortar and cement based repair materials: Chloride migration coefficient from non-steady-state migration experiments, Finland.
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[43] http://www.uni-due.de/ibpm/projekte/CIFeng.pdf (access: 12.03.2014).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

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Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-cee52bda-ca19-4eff-8e39-b4f939aa0592