Struktura zbiorowisk mikroorganizmów w osadzie czynnym oczyszczalni z podwyższonym usuwaniem biogenów

Muszyński, A.

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Artykuł - szczegóły

Czasopismo

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Inżynieria Środowiska

2015 | z. 71 | 3--113

Tytuł artykułu

Struktura zbiorowisk mikroorganizmów w osadzie czynnym oczyszczalni z podwyższonym usuwaniem biogenów

Autorzy

Muszyński, A.

Warianty tytułu

Microbial community structure in activated sludge of wastewater treatment plants with enhanced nutrients removal

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

W pracy zbadano wpływ warunków oczyszczania ścieków osadem czynnym na bioróżnorodność mikroorganizmów odpowiedzialnych za usuwanie azotu i fosforu. Badania prowadzono w pełnoskalowych oczyszczalniach ścieków z podwyższonym usuwaniem biogenów, różniących się konfiguracją reaktorów, głównymi parametrami chemicznymi i technologicznymi. Strukturę populacji bakterii określano metodami biologii molekularnej - qFISH (quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) raz PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). W celu oceny zależności pomiędzy składem chemicznym ścieków i parametrami technologicznymi a zawartością mikroorganizmów w osadzie czynnym zastosowano badania korelacji rho Spearmana. Różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi oczyszczalniami weryfikowano z użyciem statystyk opisowych. Najliczniej występującym typem bakterii w osadzie czynnym badanych oczyszczalni ścieków były Proteobacteria, pośród których największy udział miała klasa Betaproteobacteria. Wysoką liczebność osiągały również mikroorganizmy z typów Acnobacteria i Chloroflexi. Ważną grupę w osadzie czynnym stanowiły mikroorganizmy nitkowate, glównie typ Chloroflexi, Haliscomenobacter hydrossis i Microchrix spp. Najliczniejszą grupą bakterii pośród mikroorganizmów akumulujących fosfor (PAO) w badanych oczyszczalniach był rodzaj Tetrasphaera. Rozwojowi PAO z rodzaju Accumulibacter sprzyjała obecność komory predenitryfikacji oraz fermentera. Niska zawartość PAO z rodzaju Halomonas może wskazywać na niewielkie znaczenie tych bakterii w procesie biologicznego usuwania fosforu w badanych układach. Liczebność mikroorganizmów akumulujących glikogen (Competibacter phosphatis oraz powiązanych z Defluviicoccus vanus) utrzymywała się na ogół na niskim poziomie. Istotną rolę w procesie nitryfikacji pełniły nitryfikatory I fazy Nitrosomonas spp. oraz II fazy Nitrospira spp. Pośród denitryfikatorów najwyższy procentowy udział w osadzie miały Thauera spp., Accumulibacter phosphatis klad IA, Azoarcus sp p. oraz część Competibacter phosphatis. Niska liczebność bakterii z rodzajów Nitrosospira i Nitrobacter oraz Curvibacter i Zoogloea wskazuje na ich niewielkie znaczenie odpowiednio w procesach nitryfikacji oraz denitryfikacji w komunalnych oczyszczalniach ścieków. Zmienną sezonową liczebności stwierdzono tylko u niektórych grup bakterii (test U Manna-Whitneya). Wykazano, że struktura populacji bakterii odpowiedzialnych za usuwanie biogenów w osadzie nie zależy wyłącznie od ogólnych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń organicznych w ściekach takich jak BZT5 i ChZT. Obecność w ściekach określonych frakcji organicznych i nieorganicznych jest jednym z decydujących czynników, kształtujących strukturę populacji bakterii w osadzie czynnym. Udowodniono występowanie istotnych różnic w bioróżnorodności mikroorganizmów pomiędzy oczyszczalniami ze znacznym udziałem ścieków przemysłowych a resztą badanych układów. Z porównania rezultatów uzyskanych w niniejszej pracy z danymi wcześniej opublikowanymi wynika, że osi populacji bakterii w osadzie czynnym układów pełnoskalowych nie należy wnioskować na podstawie wyników eksperymentów prowadzonych w warunkach laboratoryjnych.

The influence of environmental and operating conditions on the biodiversity of microorganisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus removal was studied. The research was carried out in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with enhanced nutrients removal that differed in configurations of reactors and main chemical and operating parameters. Methods of molecular biology (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization - FISH, Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR) were applied to investigate the microbial community structure. Statistical analysis, using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, was performed to find relationships between quantifled bacteria in activated sludge and chemical and operating conditions. Differences among the WWTPs were verified by descriptive statistics. Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterial phylum with the highest percentage of Betaproteobacteria class. Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were the other highly abundant phyla. Filamentous bacteria, mainly Chloroflexi, Hal iscomenobacter hydrossis and Microthrix spp., constituted an important microbial group in activated sludge. Tetrasphaera genus were the most abundant bacteria among polyphoshate accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the investigated WWTPs. The presence of a predenitrification tank and a fermenter stimulated the growth of Accumulibacter-PAOs. Low abundance of Halomonas-PAOs implies a minor role of these bacteria in biological phosphorus removal in the investigated WWTPs. Glycogen accumulating organisms (Competibacter phosphatis and Defluviicoccus vanus related GAOs) constituted a relatively low fraction of all detected bacteria. Genera Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were the key ammonia- and nitrite oxidizing bacteria, respectively. Most detected denitriflers bebonged to Thauera spp., clade IA of Accumulibacter phosphatis, Azoarcus spp. and to some Competibacter phosphatis. Based on the bw abundance of genera Nitrosospira, Nitrobacter and Curvibacter as well as Zoogloea we can infer that these bacteria are not important to nitrification and denitrification processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants, respectively. Seasonal variations in abundance were only confirmed for few bacterial groups, using the Mann-Whitney U test. It was shown that community structure of bacteria involved in nutrients removal does not depend solely on indicators of lumped organic matter in wastewater as BOD, or COD. The presence of diferent fractions of organic and inorganic matter is a more decisive factor in determining the relative proportions of the bacterial groups in activated sludge. Significant differences were presented in biodiversity of microorganisms between WWTPs with substantial contribution of industrial wastewater and the other plants. Comparison of the results from this study with the earlier published data implies that the knowledge on activated sludge community structure, obtained from lab-scale experiments, cannot be extended implicitly to full-scale WWTPs.

Słowa kluczowe

bioróżnorodność biologia molekularna korelacje

biodiversity molecular biology correlations

Wydawca

Czasopismo

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Inżynieria Środowiska

Rocznik

2015

Tom

z. 71

Strony

3--113

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 100 poz., rys., tab., wykr. + CD

Twórcy

autor

Muszyński, A.

Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska

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Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikatory

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-c18b83a9-ead9-42f6-aca7-5459ff5a2e6a