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Europe’s political and military security in the time of „Belle Epoque”
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The article features a chronological review of major military alliances signed by then existing European powers. The starting point for the considerations is the end of French – Prussian war (1870-1871) and setting up the German Empire which inspired a new style of European security. Its main aim was to keep peace, basing on the principle of mutual balance of forces. Pursuing this balance was an inspiration to sign military treaties. While discussing the military alliances and treaties, the authors analyse the process of development of the Dual Alliance, Triple Alliance and Triple Agreement. Those military pacts of 1914 transformed into military blocks of the Great War (1914-1918). Basing on the process of shaping these major military alliances in Europe, also some other minor, often bilateral, military alliances are discussed. The authors conclude that in the times of steam, electricity and automobile, European military alliances and divisions divided the Old Continent into two opposite camps. Here, the authors agree with Norman Davies’ thesis that since the 80s of the 19th century we can talk about Europe’s bipolarity. That division, with certain changes, remained until the 80s of the 20th century.
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