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2016 | Vol. 23, nr 1 | 61--69
Tytuł artykułu

Spatial and chemical patterns of PM2.5 - differences between a maritime and an inland country

Warianty tytułu
PL
Przestrzenna i chemiczna kompozycja PM2,5 - różnice pomiędzy obszarem z dominującym wpływem morza oraz lądu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange model was used to calculate the mean annual concentration of PM2.5 at a resolution of 5 km × 5 km for the United Kingdom (UK) and Poland for the year 2007. The modelled average PM2.5 concentration is higher for Poland than the UK and amounts to 9.2 µg · m−3 and 5.6 µg · m−3, respectively. The highest concentrations concern London and coastal areas (due to the sea salt contribution) for the UK and urban agglomerations in the case of Poland. Maximum values occurring close to the UK coastline can reach 18 µg · m−3. The average contribution of natural particles amounts to 34 and 20% of total PM2.5 concentration, respectively for the UK and Poland. Among anthropogenic particles for both countries the highest contribution falls on secondary inorganic aerosols and the lowest contribution is for secondary organic aerosols.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca

Rocznik
Strony
61--69
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., wykr., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Department of Climatology and Atmosphere Protection, University of Wroclaw, ul. Kosiby 8, 51-621 Wroclaw, Poland, malgorzata.werner@uwr.edu.pl
autor
  • Department of Climatology and Atmosphere Protection, University of Wroclaw, ul. Kosiby 8, 51-621 Wroclaw, Poland
autor
  • Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
Bibliografia
  • [1] Aldabe J, Elustondo D, Santamaría C, Lasheras E, Pandolfi M, Alastuey A, et al. Chemical characterisation and source apportionment of PM2.5 and PM10 at rural, urban and traffic sites in Navarra (North of Spain). Atmos Res. 2011;102(1-2):191-205. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.07.003.
  • [2] Hueglin C, Gehrig R, Baltensperger U, Gysel M, Monn C, Vonmont H. Chemical characterisation of PM2.5, PM10 and coarse particles at urban, near-city and rural sites in Switzerland. Atmos Environ. 2005;39:637-651. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.027.
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  • [4] Perez L, Tobias A, Querol X, Künzli N, Pey J, Alastuey A, et al. Coarse particles from Saharan dust and daily mortality. Epidemiology. 2008;19(6):800-807. DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31818131cf.
  • [5] Viana M, Querol X, Alastuey A, Alastuey A, Ballester F, Llop S, et al. Characterising exposure to PM aerosols for an epidemiological study. Atmos Environ. 2008;42(7):1552-1568. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.087.
  • [6] Bravo MA, Bell ML. Spatial heterogeneity of PM10 and O3 in São Paulo, Brazil, and implications for human health studies. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2011;61(1):69-77. DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.61.1.69.
  • [7] Menon S, Unger N, Koch D, Francis J, Garrett T, Sednev I, et al. Aerosol climate effects and air quality impacts from 1980 to 2030. Environ Res Lett. 2008;3(2):024004. DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/3/2/024004.
  • [8] Bytnerowicz A, Omasa K, Paoletti E. Integrated effects of air pollution and climate change on forests: a northern hemisphere perspective. Environ Pollut. 2007;147(3):438-445. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.028.
  • [9] Brunekreef B, Holgate ST. Air pollution and health. Lancet. 2002;360(9341):1233-1242. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11274-8.
  • [10] Basart S, Pay MT, Jorba O, Pérez C, Jiménez-Guerrero P, Schulz M, et al. Aerosols in the CALIOPE air quality modelling system: evaluation and analysis of PM levels, optical depths and chemical composition over Europe. Atmos Chem Phys. 2012;12(7):3363-3392. DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-3363-2012.
  • [11] Nelson PF. Trace metal emissions in fine particles from coal combustion. Energy Fuels. 2007;21(2):477-484. DOI: 10.1021/ef060405q.
  • [12] Juda-Rezler K, Reizer M, Oudinet J-P. Determination and analysis of PM10 source apportionment during episodes of air pollution in Central Eastern European urban areas: The case of wintertime 2006. Atmos Environ. 2011;45(36):6557-6566. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.020.
  • [13] Mathur R, Yu S, Kang D, Schere KL. Assessment of the wintertime performance of developmental particulate matter forecasts with the Eta-Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system. J Geophys Res D Atmos. 2008;113. DOI: 10.1029/2007JD008580.
  • [14] Turnbull AB, Harrison RM. Major component contributions to PM10 composition in the UK atmosphere. Atmos Environ. 2000;34(19):3129-3137. DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00441-0.
  • [15] Harrison RM, Yin J. Chemical speciation of PM2.5 particles at urban background and rural sites in the UK atmosphere. J Environ Monit. 2010;12(7):1404-1414. DOI: 10.1039/c000329h.
  • [16] Renner E, Wolke R. Modelling the formation and atmospheric transport of secondary inorganic aerosols with special attention to regions with high ammonia emissions. Atmos Environ. 2010;44(15):1904-1912. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.018.
  • [17] European Comission. Commission Staff Working Paper Establishing Guidelines for Demonstration and Subtraction of Exceedances Attributable to Natural Sources under the Directive 2008/50/EC on Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for Europe SEC(2011) 208 Final. Brussels 15.02.201; 2011. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/quality/legislation/pdf/sec_2011_0208.pdf.
  • [18] Fournier N, Dore AJ, Vieno M, Weston KJ, Dragosits U, Sutton MA. Modelling the deposition of atmospheric oxidised nitrogen and sulphur to the United Kingdom using a multi-layer long-range transport model. Atmos Environ. 2004;38(5):683-694. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.028.
  • [19] Kryza M, Werner M, Błaś M, Dore AJ, Sobik M. The effect of emission from coal combustion in nonindustrial sources on deposition of sulfur and oxidized nitrogen in Poland. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2010;60(7):856-866. DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.60.7.856.
  • [20] Stedman JR, Kent AJ, Grice S, Bush TJ, Derwent RG. A consistent method for modelling PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations across the United Kingdom in 2004 for air quality assessment. Atmos Environ. 2007;41(1):161-172. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.048.
  • [21] Simpson D, Benedictow A, Berge H, Bergström R, Emberson LD, Fagerli H, et al. The EMEP MSC-W chemical transport model - technical description. Atmos Chem Phys. 2012;12(16):7825-7865. DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-7825-2012.
  • [22] Bergström R, Denier van der Gon HAC, Prévôt ASH, Yttri KE, Simpson D. Modelling of organic aerosols over Europe (2002-2007) using a volatility basis set (VBS) framework: application of different assumptions regarding the formation of secondary organic aerosol. Atmos Chem Phys. 2012;12(18):8499-8527. DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-8499-2012.
  • [23] Dragosits U, Sutton MA, Place CJ, Bayley AA. Modelling the spatial distribution of agricultural ammonia emissions in the UK. Environ Pollut. 1998;102(1):195-203. DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)80033-X.
  • [24] Dębski B, Olendrzyński K, Cieślińska J, Kargulewicz I, Skośkiewicz J, Olecka A, Kania K. Inwentaryzacja emisji do powietrza SO2, NO2, CO, NH3, pyłów, metali ciężkich NMLZO i TZO w Polsce za rok 2007 (Inventarisation of emission to the air of SO2, NO2, CO, NH4, particulate matters, heavy metals, NMLZO and TZO in Poland for the year 2007). Warszawa: Instytut Ochrony Środowiska, Krajowe Centrum Inwentaryzacji Emisji. 2009.
  • [25] Korcz M, Fudała J, Kliś C. Estimation of wind blown dust emissions in Europe and its vicinity. Atmos Environ. 2009;43(7):1410-1420. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.027.
  • [26] Tsyro SG. To what extent can aerosol water explain the discrepancy between model calculated and gravimetric PM10 and PM 2.5? Atmos Chem Phys. 2005;5:515-532. DOI: 10.5194/acp-5-515-2005.
  • [27] Werner M, Kryza M, Dore AJ. Differences in the spatial distribution and chemical composition of PM10 between the UK and Poland. Environ Model Assess. 2014;19(3):179-192. DOI: 10.1007/s10666-013-9384-0.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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