Edward Tangl (1848-1905)

• Autorzy: Koehler, P.
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Edward Tangl was born in Lwow (now: Lviv) on March 20, 1848. His original interests were rather focused on music, and he made some early attempts at musical composition. It was his father's naturalist passions that aroused Tangl's interest in botany. In 1865, he finished secondary school and enrolled at the University of Lwow. He studied at the Faculty of Philosophy until 1869. During his studies he developed an interest in plant anatomy, stemming from the lectures by Prof. Gustaw Adolf Weiss (1837-1894). In 1870, he defended a Ph.D. dissertation in botany, at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Lwow. Edward Tangl's special area of research was the perforation of vessels in higher (or vascular) plants. The results of this research was published as Tangl's habilitation dissertation (see Appendix III, item 1). The defence of the habilitation was at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Lwow, in July 1871 at the latest. Afterwards, in the years 1871-1876, Tangl worked at that faculty as a Privatdozent in plant anatomy and physiology. In the years 1874-1876, Tangl worked as a professor at the School of Farm Husbandry in Dublany near Lwow, where he taught agricultural chemistry and botany. In those years, Tangl took an active part in the Polish scientific movement, and was one of the founders of the Nicholaus Copernicus Polish Society of Naturalists (1875). In 1876, Edward Tangl was nominated professor extraordinary in botany at the newly formed k.k. Franz-Josef-Universitiit at Chernivtsi (Tschernowitz), a town where he spent the rest of his life. In 1881 he was nominated professor ordinary in botany and pharmacognosy (for lectures, see Appendix II). It was the professorial tenure at Chernivtsi that ensured Edward Tangl financial stabilization. In 1877 Edward Tangl founded the Botanical Gardens (fig. 1) and the Institute of Botany of the University of Chernivtsi. From 1877 onwards, Edward Tangl was a member of the Examinations Board for Candidates for Junior Secondary Schools at Chernivtsi. In recognition for his contribution to the development of botany, and especially for his discovery of plasmodesmata, he was elected member of the German Botanical Society in Berlin, the Imperial Leopoldine-Caroline German Academy of Naturalists, and a full member of the Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna. The work of organizing the Botanical Gardens and the Institute of Botany of the Franz-Josef University in Chernivtsi had a very harmful impact on Edawrd Tangl's state of health. It may have been his failing eyesight that prevented him from continuing research with the use of a microscope. It was probably also for those reasons that he did not publish any studies after 1886. Edward Tangl died suddenly at Chernivtsi on July 9, 1905. The published research of Edward Tangl was not very voluminous in terms of the quantity of studies, of which there were fourteen (Appendix 3). His main area of research related to plant anatomy and cytology, and to a lesser degree to plant taxonomy. The first study by Tangl to be published was his habilitation dissertation on the perforation of cell walls, a topic on which he conducted research also in the years that followed. In 1879, at the age of 31, Tangl made a discovery that earned him a place in the annals of botany: namely, he detected intercellular strips (later called plasmodesmata) which held together cells in cotyledons of the plant Strychnos nux-vomica, and then in the endosperm of seeds. In 1880, Tangl published the results of the first series of his observations (Fig. 2, 3, 4). He returned to the issue of plasmodesmata in two other studies, from 1884 and 1885. Tangl interpreted the strips he observed in all of those studies as plasmatic connections between protoplasts. He inferred this from the fact that the cells he investigated were situated in the path of intensive transport of nutrients. On this basis, he formulated the pioneering concept that intercellular connections integrate the functioning of cells in flowering plants, and form a new a quality out of such cells. The discovery of plasmodesmata made Edward Tangl's name part of the history of botany. The discovery involved a complete change in scientists' perception of plants: previously botanists had viewed plants only as .aggregates of separate cells", but Tangl's work caused the plant to be viewed as an organism. Tangl's discovery is comparable, with all due proportions, to the the discovery by Copernicus. Both discoveries have changed science's views: the former on the microcosm, the latter on the macrocosm. Edward Tangl published his only taxonomic work in 1883. He described in it a new genus of blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) - Plaxonema, and within the genus a new species, which he called Plaxonema oscillans. Tangl also contributed significantly to the study of plants in the region of Bukovina, and educated a range of botanists of the region, especially plants physiologists. Unfortunately, little is known of his research after 1886.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

Tangl, Edward

EN

Tangl, Edward

• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: R. 52, nr 2
• Strony: 75-102
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 14 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Koehler, P.

• Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Instytut Botaniki

Bibliografia

• 1. E. Tangl: Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Perforationen an Pflanzengefässen „Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" (Wien) 1871 t. 63 I Abt. Mai-Heft s. 537-548. informacja: „Botanische Zeitung" 29 December 1871, s. [1]-12, l pl.
• 2. E. Tangl: Beschreibung eines billigen Zeichenapparates. „Flora" (Regensburg) l873 56 Jahrgang nr 3 s. 33-37.
• 3. E. Tangl: Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Perforationen an Pflanzengefässen. „Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" (Wien) 1873 t. 67 I Abt. Jän.-Heft s. 79-92.
• 4. E. Tangl: Ueber eigenthümlich geformte Plasmakörper in den Epidermiszellen von Cypripedium Calceolos L. und das mikrochemische Verhalten des Zellsaftes derselben Zellen. „Lotos" (Prag) 1874 t. 24 (August) s. 133-137. omówienie: G.K., „Botanische Zeitung" 32 Jahrgang nr 46 13 November 1874 s. 748.
• 5. E. Tangl: Vorläufige Mittheilung [Über die Verbreitung der Coniferin]. „Flora" (Regensburg) 1874 t. 57 Jahrgang nr 15 s. 239-240.
• 6. E. Tangl: Beiträge :zur Mikrochemie der Pflanzenzellen. „Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" (Wien) 1876 t. 73 I Abt. März-Heft s. 167-190. omówienie: „Botanische Zeitung" 34 Jahrgang nr 21 26 Mai 1876 s. 327.
• 7. E. Tangl: Das Protoplasma der Erbse. Erste Abhandlung. „Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" (Wien) 1878 t. 76 (Jahrgang 1877) I Abt. Dezember-Heft s. 753-822, tabl. I. omówienie: „Botanische Zeitung" 36 Jahrgang nr 11 15 März 1878 s. 167-168.
• 8. E. Tangl: Das Protoplasma der Erbse. Zweite Abhandlung. „Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" (Wien) 1878 t. 78 I Abt. Juni-Heft s. 65-188 tabl. I-IV. omówienie: „Botanische Zeitung" 36 Jahrgang nr 32 9 August 1878 s. 509-511.
• 9. E. Tangl: Ueber offene Communicationen zwischen den Zellen des Endosperms einiger Samen. „Pringsheim`s Jahrbücher für wissenschaftliche Botanik" 1880 Bd. 12 s. 170-190. informacja: „Botanische Zeitung" 38 Jahrgang nr 40 1. October 1880 s. 688.
• 10. E. Tangl: Die Kern- und Zelltheilungen bei der Bildung des Pollens von Hemerocallis fulva L. „Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe" (Wien) 1882 t. 45 II Abt. s. 65-86 tabl. I-IV.
• 11. E. Tangl: Über die Theilung der Kerne in Spirogyra-Zellen. „Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" (Wien) 1882 t. 85 I Abt. April-Heft s. 268-291 tabl. 1-2.
• 12. E. Tangl: Zur Morphologie der Cyanophyceen. „Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Classe“ (Wien) 1883 t. 48 II Abt. s. 1-14 tab I - III.
• 13. E. Tangl: Zur Lehre von der Continuität des Protoplasmas im Pflanzengewebe „Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" (Wien) 1884 t. 90 I Abt. Juni-Heft s. 10-38. omówienie : [anonim]: Zur Lehre von der Continuität des Protoplasma im Pflanzengewebe. „Botanisches Centralblatt" (Cassel, Göttingen) 1884, Jahrgang 5 Band 19 No. 2 (No. 28, 1884) s. 64.
• 14. E. Tangl: Studien über das Endosperm einiger Gramineen. „Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" (Wien) 1886 t. 92 (Jahrgang 1885) I Abt. Juni-Juli-Heft s. 72-109, tabl. I-IV. omówienie: Schimper. „Botanische Zeitung" 28 Mai 1886 44 Jahrgang nr s. 373-374.