Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The paper outlines properties of tallow to be used as fuel, its production process and annual variation of the measured parameters – density, acidity, impurities, calorific value etc. Most of the parameters are constant throughout the year, except acidity. Acidity is high during the summer and low in winter – this is consistent with environmental temperature changes. High levels of free fatty acids are consistent with the perceived low quality of fat and are also responsible for the unpleasant bitter taste of rancid fat. Admissible acidity levels of fuel for the four- and two-stroke heavy fuel oil (HFO) engines indicate that in winter the two stroke engine may be used, but in the summer acidity levels are generally too high. Possible industrial methods of acidity reduction are briefly discussed.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
471-480
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 13 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
- The University of Birmingham, School of Mechanical Engineering Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, England, J.Piaszyk@bham.ac.uk
Bibliografia
- [1] AEA Technology plc., Advice on the Economic and Environmental Impacts of Government Support for Biodiesel Production from Tallow, ED05914, 2008.
- [2] Bhosle, B. M., Subramanian, R., New approaches in deacidification of edible oils – a review, Journal of Food Engineering, Vol. 69, pp. 481-494, 2005.
- [3] Canakci, M., Van Gerpen, J., A Pilot Plant to Produce Biodiesel from High Free Fatty Acid Feedstocks, Transactions of The American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Vol. 46, pp. 945-954, 2003.
- [4] Cmolik, J., Pokorny, J., Physical refining of edible oils, European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Vol. 102, pp. 472-486, 2000.
- [5] Environment Agency – NetRegs [online]. What are the animal by-products categories, July 2010 [cited 2010-07-26]. Available from: http://www.netregs.gov.uk/netregs/63505.aspx
- [6] Gunstone, F. D., Oils and Fats in the Food Industry, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.
- [7] Hoskuldsson, A., Statistical Process Control and QS9000, Course No. 42969, Publication No. 1103, Technical University of Denmark, 2005.
- [8] Meher, L. C., Vidya Sagar, D., Naik, S. N., Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification – a review, Renewable & Sustainable Reviews, Vol. 10, pp. 248-268, 2006.
- [9] Montgomery, D. C., Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, Fifth edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2005.
- [10] O’Brien, R. D., Fat and oils: formulating and processing for applications, 3rd edition, CRC Press 2009.
- [11] Office of Public Sector Information [online]. The Animal By-Product Regulations 2005, September 2005 [cited 2010-07-26]. Available from: http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2005/20052347.htm
- [12] United Kingdom Renderers‘ Association [online]. June 2010 [cited 2010-06-15]. Available from: http://www.ukra.co.uk/index.php
- [13] Zheng, D., Hanna, M. A., Preparation and properties of methyl esters of beef tallow, Bioresource Technology, Vol. 57, pp. 137-142, 1996.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikatory
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BWM4-0031-0020