Czasopismo
2009
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Vol. 57, nr 1
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181-189
Tytuł artykułu
Autorzy
Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
A study of wintering Common Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra L.) was conducted in the winter periods 2002/2003-2006/2007 in the Western Carpathians. Birds were surveyed on transects in natural mountain European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)-Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)- Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests of the Tatra Mts, Pieniny Mts, Babia Góra Mt. and Gorce Mts (total length 41.4 km) as well as in a habitat mosaic with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Mountain pine (Pinus mugo Mill.) stands in the Kotlina Orawsko-Nowotarska valley (total length 31.5 km). Birds mean density underwent annual changes from 1.9 to 15.5 ind. 10 km[^-1] in the natural mountain forests and from 0.9 to 12.1 ind. 10 km[^-1] in the habitat mosaic. The median flock size in the natural mountain forests was 2, and it varied from 1 to 4 in subsequent seasons. They were smaller than flocks recorded in the habitat mosaic in the valley - median 2.5 (from 2 to 7 in subsequent seasons). The size of foraging and flying flocks did not differ significantly in natural mountain forest nor in the valley habitat mosaic. In the natural mountain forests, birds preferred habitats dominated by Norway spruce, and avoided European beech-Silver fir forests. The median flock size was 2 in habitats with Norway spruce, and 8 in stands where Norway spruce was absent. The variation in bird density presumably reflected the changes in quantity and location of food resources. Birds moved within stands with varying proportions of Norway spruce in the mountains as well as between the mountains and the valley, where habitat with mosaics of Scots pine and Mountain pine dominated.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
181-189
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 36 poz.,Rys., tab., wykr.,
Twórcy
autor
autor
- Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland, mciach@ar.krakow.pl
Bibliografia
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- 4. Benkman C.W. 1988b – Seed handling ability, bill structure, and the cost of specialization for crossbills – Auk, 105: 715–719.
- 5. Benkman C.W. 1988c – Flock size, food dispersion, and the feeding behavior of crossbills – Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 23: 167–175.
- 6. Benkman C.W. 1990 – Foraging rates and the timing of crossbill reproduction – Auk, 107: 376–386.
- 7. Benkman C.W. 1997 – Feeding behavior, flock-size dynamics, and variation in sexual selection in crossbills – Auk, 114: 163–178.
- 8. Berthold P., Gwinner E. 1972 – Frühe Geschlechtsreife beim Fichtenkreuzschnabel Loxia curvirostra – Vogelwarte, 26: 160–164.
- 9. Białobok S. (ed.). 1977 – Świerk pospolity Picea abies (L.) Karst. [Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst.] – PWN, Poznań (in Polish).
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- 11. Ciach M., Wikar D., Bylicka M. 2006 – Birds community of open habitats of Kotlina Orawsko-Nowotarska valley in non-breeding season – Berkut, 15: 55–65.
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- 27. Pawłowski B. 1977 – Szata roślinna gór polskich [Flora of Polish mountains] (In: Szata roślinna Polski [Flora of Poland] Eds. W. Szafer, K. Zarzycki) – PWN, Warszawa (in Polish).
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- 29. Reinikainen A. 1937 – The irregular migrations of the Crossbill, Loxia c. curvirostra, and their relation to the cone-crop of the conifers – Ornis Fenn. 14: 55–64.
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- 36. Zar J. H. 1999 – Biostatistical analysis. Fourth Edition – Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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